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Read Lamentations 4 in modern English — World English Bible (22 verses)

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1 How the gold has become dim! The most pure gold has changed! The stones of the sanctuary are poured out at the head of every street.

2 The precious sons of Zion, comparable to fine gold, How are they esteemed as earthen pitchers, the work of the hands of the potter!

3 Even the jackals draw out the breast, they nurse their young ones: The daughter of my people has become cruel, like the ostriches in the wilderness.

4 The tongue of the nursing child clings to the roof of his mouth for thirst: The young children ask bread, and no man breaks it to them.

5 Those who fed delicately are desolate in the streets: Those who were brought up in scarlet embrace dunghills.

6 For the iniquity of the daughter of my people is greater than the sin of Sodom, That was overthrown as in a moment, and no hands were laid on her.

7 Her nobles were purer than snow, they were whiter than milk; They were more ruddy in body than rubies, their polishing was as of sapphire.

8 Their appearance is blacker than a coal; they are not known in the streets: Their skin clings to their bones; it is withered, it has become like a stick.

9 Those who are killed with the sword are better than those who are killed with hunger; For these pine away, stricken through, for want of the fruits of the field.

10 The hands of the pitiful women have boiled their own children; They were their food in the destruction of the daughter of my people.

11 Yahweh has accomplished his wrath, he has poured out his fierce anger; He has kindled a fire in Zion, which has devoured its foundations.

12 The kings of the earth didnโ€™t believe, neither all the inhabitants of the world, That the adversary and the enemy would enter into the gates of Jerusalem.

13 It is because of the sins of her prophets, and the iniquities of her priests, That have shed the blood of the just in the middle of her.

14 They wander as blind men in the streets, they are polluted with blood, So that men canโ€™t touch their garments.

15 Depart! they cried to them, Unclean! depart, depart, donโ€™t touch! When they fled away and wandered, men said among the nations, They shall not live here any more.

16 Yahwehโ€™s anger has scattered them; he will no more regard them: They didnโ€™t respect the persons of the priests, they didnโ€™t favor the elders.

17 Our eyes still fail, looking in vain for our help: In our watching we have watched for a nation that could not save.

18 They hunt our steps, so that we canโ€™t go in our streets: Our end is near, our days are fulfilled; for our end has come.

19 Our pursuers were swifter than the eagles of the sky: They chased us on the mountains, they laid wait for us in the wilderness.

20 The breath of our nostrils, the anointed of Yahweh, was taken in their pits; Of whom we said, Under his shadow we shall live among the nations.

21 Rejoice and be glad, daughter of Edom, that dwell in the land of Uz: The cup shall pass through to you also; you shall be drunken, and shall make yourself naked.

22 The punishment of your iniquity is accomplished, daughter of Zion; he will no more carry you away into captivity: He will visit your iniquity, daughter of Edom; he will uncover your sins.

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Cross-references, Hebrew word study, and what the Early Church wrote about Lamentations 4. Tap any section to expand — or right-click any verse for the full interactive study panel.

Lamentations 4 study resources: word-by-word Hebrew interlinear with Strong's numbers, 18 cross-references, 5 Early-Church citations.

Cross-references in Lamentations 4 (18)

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Hebrew interlinear — Lamentations 4:1–22 (258 words)
1
  1. ืึตื™ื›ึธื”ึ™สพรชkฤheyk: how? or how!; (also) where?H349
  2. ื™ื•ึผืขึทึฃืyรปสฟam`amam: to associate; (by implication) to overshadow (by huddling together)H6004
  3. ื–ึธื”ึธึ”ื‘zฤhฤbzahab: gold; (figuratively) golden, something gold-colored (i.e. yellow) such as oil or a clear, sunny skyH2091
  4. ื™ึดืฉืึฐื ึถึ–ืyiลกneสพshana: to alterH8132
  5. ื”ึทื›ึผึถึฃืชึถืhakketemkethem: (properly) something carved out, i.e. oreH3800
  6. ื”ึทื˜ึผึ‘ื•ึนื‘haแนญแนญรดbtowb: good (as an adjective) in the widest senseH2896
  7. ืชึผึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทืคึผึตึ™ื›ึฐื ึธื”ึ™tiลกtappฤ“kฤ•nฤhshaphak: to spill forth (blood, a libation, liquid metal)H8210
  8. ืึทื‘ึฐื ึตื™สพabnรชeben: a stoneH68
  9. ืงึนึ”ื“ึถืฉืqลdeลกqodesh: a sacred place or thing; (abstract, rarely) sanctityH6944
  10. ื‘ึผึฐืจึนึ–ืืฉืbฤ•rลลกro'sh: the head (as most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many applications, of place, time, rank...H7218
  11. ื›ึผึธืœkฤlkol: (properly) the whole; (hence) all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)H3605
  12. ื—ื•ึผืฆึฝื•ึนืชืƒแธฅรปแนฃรดtchuwts: (properly) separate by a wall, i.e. outside, outdoorsH2351
2
  1. ื‘ึผึฐื ึตึคื™bฤ•nรชben: a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including...H1121
  2. ืฆึดื™ึผื•ึนืŸึ™แนฃiyyรดnTsiyown: Tsijon (as a permanent capital), a mountain of JerusalemH6726
  3. ื”ึทื™ึฐืงึธืจึดึ”ื™ืhayqฤrรฎmyaqar: valuableH3368
  4. ื”ึทืžึฐืกึปืœึผึธืึดึ–ื™ืhamsullฤสพรฎmcala': to suspend in a balance, i.e. weighH5537
  5. ื‘ึผึทืคึผึธึ‘ื–bappฤzpaz: pure (gold); (hence) gold itself (as refined)H6337
  6. ืึตื™ื›ึธึคื”สพรชkรขeyk: how? or how!; (also) where?H349
  7. ื ึถื—ึฐืฉืึฐื‘ื•ึผึ™neแธฅลกฤ•bรปchashab: (properly) to plait or interpenetrate, i.e. (literally) to weave or (gen.) to fabricateH2803
  8. ืœึฐื ึดื‘ึฐืœึตื™lฤ•niblรชnebel: a skin-bag for liquids (from collapsing when empty)H5035
  9. ื—ึถึ”ืจึถืฉื‚แธฅereล›cheres: a piece of potteryH2789
  10. ืžึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึตึ–ื”maสฟฤƒล›ฤ“ma`aseh: an action (good or bad); (generally) a transactionH4639
  11. ื™ึฐื“ึตึฅื™yฤ•dรชyad: a hand (the open one (indicating power, means, direction, etc.), in distinction from H3709, the closed one)H3027
  12. ื™ื•ึนืฆึตึฝืจืƒyรดแนฃฤ“ryatsar: to mould into a form; especially as a potterH3335
3
  1. ื’ึผึทืgamgam: (properly) assemblage; used only adverbially also, even, yea, thoughH1571
  2. ืชึผึทื ึผึดื™ืŸึ™tannรฎntanniyn: a marine or land monster, i.e. sea-serpent or jackalH8577
  3. ื—ึธึฃืœึฐืฆื•ึผแธฅฤlฤ•แนฃรปchalats: to pull off; (hence, intensively) to stripH2502
  4. ืฉืึทึ”ื“ลกadshad: the breast of a woman or animal (as bulging)H7699
  5. ื”ึตื™ื ึดึ–ื™ืงื•ึผhรชnรฎqรปyanaq: to suck; causatively, to give milkH3243
  6. ื’ึผื•ึผืจึตื™ื”ึถึ‘ืŸgรปrรชhenguwr: a cub (as still abiding in the lair); (especially) a lion cubH1482
  7. ื‘ึผึทืชbatbath: a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and figuratively)H1323
  8. ืขึทืžึผึดึฃื™สฟammรฎ`am: a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel)H5971
  9. ืœึฐืึทื›ึฐื–ึธึ”ืจlฤ•สพakzฤrakzar: violent; (by implication) deadlyH393
  10. ื›ึผึทื™ึฐkaykiy: (by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below)H3588
  11. ืขึตื ึดึ–ื™ืสฟฤ“nรฎmya`en: the ostrich, a ceremonially unclean animal (probably named from its answering cry)H3283
  12. ื‘ึผึทืžึผึดื“ึฐื‘ึผึธึฝืจืƒbammidbฤrmidbar: a pasture (i.e. open field, whither cattle are driven)H4057
4
  1. ื“ึผึธื‘ึทึจืงdฤbaqdabaq: (properly) to impinge, i.e. cling or adhereH1692
  2. ืœึฐืฉืึฅื•ึนืŸlฤ•ลกรดnlashown: the tongue (of man or animals), used literally (as the instrument of licking, eating, or speech), and...H3956
  3. ื™ื•ึนื ึตึ›ืงyรดnฤ“qyanaq: to suck; causatively, to give milkH3243
  4. ืึถืœสพelel: (properly) denoting motion towards, but occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e. near, with or amongH413
  5. ื—ึดื›ึผึ–ื•ึนแธฅikkรดchek: (properly) the palate or inside of the mouthH2441
  6. ื‘ึผึทืฆึผึธืžึธึ‘ืbaแนฃแนฃฤmฤสพtsama': thirst (literally or figuratively)H6772
  7. ืขึฝื•ึนืœึธืœึดื™ืึ™สฟรดlฤlรฎm`owlel: a sucklingH5768
  8. ืฉืึธึฃืึฒืœื•ึผลกฤสพฤƒlรปsha'al: to inquire; (by implication) to requestH7592
  9. ืœึถึ”ื—ึถืleแธฅemlechem: food (for man or beast), especially bread, or grain (for making it)H3899
  10. ืคึผึนืจึตึ–ืฉื‚pลrฤ“ล›paras: to break apart, disperse, etcH6566
  11. ืึตึฅื™ืŸสพรชnayin: a non-entity; (generally) used as a negative particleH369
  12. ืœึธื”ึถึฝืืƒlฤhemhem: they (only used when emphatic)H1992
5
  1. ื”ึธืึนึฝื›ึฐืœึดื™ืึ™hฤสพลkฤ•lรฎmakal: to eat (literally or figuratively)H398
  2. ืœึฐืžึทึฃืขึฒื“ึทื ึผึดึ”ื™ืlฤ•maสฟฤƒdannรฎmma`adan: a delicacy or (abstractly) pleasure (adverbially, cheerfully)H4574
  3. ื ึธืฉืึทึ–ืžึผื•ึผnฤลกammรปshamem: to stun (or intransitively, grow numb), i.e. devastate or (figuratively) stupefy (both usually in a passive...H8074
  4. ื‘ึผึทื—ื•ึผืฆึ‘ื•ึนืชbaแธฅรปแนฃรดtchuwts: (properly) separate by a wall, i.e. outside, outdoorsH2351
  5. ื”ึธืึฑืžึปื ึดื™ืึ™hฤสพฤ•munรฎmaman: (properly) to build up or support; to foster as a parent or nurseH539
  6. ืขึฒืœึตึฃื™สฟฤƒlรช`al: above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of...H5921
  7. ืชื•ึนืœึธึ”ืขtรดlฤสฟtowla`: a maggot (as voracious)H8438
  8. ื—ึดื‘ึผึฐืงึ–ื•ึผแธฅibbฤ•qรปchabaq: to clasp (the hands or in embrace)H2263
  9. ืึทืฉืึฐืคึผึทืชึผึฝื•ึนืชืƒสพaลกpattรดtashpoth: a heap of rubbish or filthH830
6
  1. ื•ึทื™ึผึดื’ึฐื“ึผึทืœึ™wayyigdalgadal: (properly) to twist; to be large (in various senses, as in body, mind, estate or honor, also in pride)H1431
  2. ืขึฒื•ึนึฃืŸสฟฤƒwลn`avon: perversity, i.e. (moral) evilH5771
  3. ื‘ึผึทืชbatbath: a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and figuratively)H1323
  4. ืขึทืžึผึดึ”ื™สฟammรฎ`am: a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel)H5971
  5. ืžึตึฝื—ึทื˜ึผึทึ–ืืชmฤ“แธฅaแนญแนญatchatta'ah: an offence (sometimes habitual sinfulness), and its penalty, occasion, sacrifice, or expiationH2403
  6. ืกึฐื“ึนึ‘ืsฤ•dลmCdom: burnt (i.e. volcanic or bituminous) districtH5467
  7. ื”ึทึฝื”ึฒืคื•ึผื›ึธึฃื”hahฤƒpรปkรขhaphak: to turn about or over; (by implication) to change, overturn, return, pervertH2015
  8. ื›ึฐืžื•ึนkฤ•mรดkmow: as, thus, soH3644
  9. ืจึธึ”ื’ึทืขrฤgaสฟrega`: instant, moment, space, suddenlyH7281
  10. ื•ึฐืœึนืwฤ•lลสพlo': (the simple or absolute negation) not; (by implication) noH3808
  11. ื—ึธึฅืœื•ึผแธฅฤlรปchuwl: (properly) to twist or whirl (in a circular or spiral manner), i.e. (specifically) to dance, to writhe in pain...H2342
  12. ื‘ึธึ–ื”ึผbฤh
  13. ื™ึธื“ึธึฝื™ึดืืƒyฤdฤyimyad: a hand (the open one (indicating power, means, direction, etc.), in distinction from H3709, the closed one)H3027
7
  1. ื–ึทื›ึผึคื•ึผzakkรปzakak: to be transparent or clean (phys. or morally)H2141
  2. ื ึฐื–ึดื™ืจึถึ™ื™ื”ึธึ™nฤ•zรฎrรชhฤnaziyr: separate, i.e. consecrated (as prince, a Nazirite)H5139
  3. ืžึดืฉืึผึถึ”ืœึถื’miลกลกelegsheleg: snow (probably from its whiteness)H7950
  4. ืฆึทื—ึ–ื•ึผแนฃaแธฅรปtsachach: to glare, i.e. be dazzling whiteH6705
  5. ืžึตื—ึธืœึธึ‘ื‘mฤ“แธฅฤlฤbchalab: milk (as the richness of kine)H2461
  6. ืึธึคื“ึฐืžื•ึผสพฤdฤ•mรปadam: be (dyed, made) red (ruddy)H119
  7. ืขึถึ™ืฆึถืึ™สฟeแนฃem`etsem: a bone (as strong); by extension, the bodyH6106
  8. ืžึดืคึผึฐื ึดื™ื ึดึ”ื™ืmippฤ•nรฎnรฎmpaniyn: probably a pearl (as round)H6443
  9. ืกึทืคึผึดึ–ื™ืจsappรฎrcappiyr: a gem (perhaps used for scratching other substances), probably the sapphireH5601
  10. ื’ึผึดื–ึฐืจึธืชึธึฝืืƒgizrฤtฤmgizrah: the figure or person (as if cut out); also an inclosure (as separated)H1508
8
  1. ื—ึธืฉืึทึคืšึฐแธฅฤลกakchashak: to be dark (as withholding light); transitively, to darkenH2821
  2. ืžึดืฉืึผึฐื—ื•ึนืจึ™miลกลกฤ•แธฅรดrshchowr: dinginess, i.e. perhaps sootH7815
  3. ืชึผึธึฝืึณืจึธึ”ืtฤสพลrฤmto'ar: outline, i.e. figure or appearanceH8389
  4. ืœึนึฅืlลสพlo': (the simple or absolute negation) not; (by implication) noH3808
  5. ื ึดื›ึผึฐืจึ–ื•ึผnikkฤ•rรปnakar: (properly) to scrutinize, i.e. look intently atH5234
  6. ื‘ึผึทื—ื•ึผืฆึ‘ื•ึนืชbaแธฅรปแนฃรดtchuwts: (properly) separate by a wall, i.e. outside, outdoorsH2351
  7. ืฆึธืคึทึคื“แนฃฤpadtsaphad: to adhereH6821
  8. ืขื•ึนืจึธืึ™สฟรดrฤm`owr: skin (as naked); (by implication) hide, leatherH5785
  9. ืขึทืœสฟal`al: above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of...H5921
  10. ืขึทืฆึฐืžึธึ”ืสฟaแนฃmฤm`etsem: a bone (as strong); by extension, the bodyH6106
  11. ื™ึธื‘ึตึ–ืฉืyฤbฤ“ลกyabesh: to be ashamed, confused or disappointed; (as failing) to dry up (as water) or wither (as herbage)H3001
  12. ื”ึธื™ึธึฅื”hฤyรขhayah: to exist; to be or becomeH1961
  13. ื›ึธืขึตึฝืฅืƒkฤสฟฤ“แนฃ`ets: a tree (from its firmness); (hence) wood (plural sticks)H6086
9
  1. ื˜ื•ึนื‘ึดึคื™ืแนญรดbรฎmtowb: good (as an adjective) in the widest senseH2896
  2. ื”ึธื™ื•ึผึ™hฤyรปhayah: to exist; to be or becomeH1961
  3. ื—ึทืœึฐืœึตื™แธฅallรชchalal: pierced (especially to death); (figuratively) pollutedH2491
  4. ื—ึถึ”ืจึถื‘แธฅerebchereb: drought; also a cutting instrument (from its destructive effect), as a knife, sword, or other sharp implementH2719
  5. ืžึตึฝื—ึทืœึฐืœึตึ–ื™mฤ“แธฅallรชchalal: pierced (especially to death); (figuratively) pollutedH2491
  6. ืจึธืขึธึ‘ื‘rฤสฟฤbra`ab: hunger (more or less extensive)H7458
  7. ืฉืึถึฃื”ึตึคืลกehฤ“mhem: they (only used when emphatic)H1992
  8. ื™ึธื–ึ™ื•ึผื‘ื•ึผึ™yฤzรปbรปzuwb: to flow freely (as water), i.e. (specifically) to have a (sexual) fluxH2100
  9. ืžึฐื“ึปืงึผึธืจึดึ”ื™ืmฤ•duqqฤrรฎmdaqar: to stab; by analogy, to starveH1856
  10. ืžึดืชึผึฐื ื•ึผื‘ึนึ–ืชmittฤ•nรปbลttnuwbah: produceH8570
  11. ืฉื‚ึธื“ึธึฝื™ืƒล›ฤdฤysadeh: a field (as flat)H7704
10
  1. ื™ึฐื“ึตึ—ื™yฤ•dรชyad: a hand (the open one (indicating power, means, direction, etc.), in distinction from H3709, the closed one)H3027
  2. ื ึธืฉืึดื™ืึ™nฤลกรฎmishshah: irregular plural, nashiym {naw-sheem'}; a woman (used in the same wide sense as H0582)H802
  3. ืจึทื—ึฒืžึธึฃื ึดื™ึผึ”ื•ึนืชraแธฅฤƒmฤniyyรดtrachmaniy: compassionateH7362
  4. ื‘ึผึดืฉืึผึฐืœึ–ื•ึผbiลกลกฤ•lรปbashal: (properly) to boil up; (hence) to be done in cookingH1310
  5. ื™ึทืœึฐื“ึตื™ื”ึถึ‘ืŸyaldรชhenyeled: something born, i.e. a lad or offspringH3206
  6. ื”ึธื™ึคื•ึผhฤyรปhayah: to exist; to be or becomeH1961
  7. ืœึฐื‘ึธืจื•ึนืชึ™lฤ•bฤrรดtbarah: to select; (as denominative from H1250) to feedH1262
  8. ืœึธึ”ืžื•ึนlฤmรด
  9. ื‘ึผึฐืฉืึถึ–ื‘ึถืจbฤ•ลกebersheber: a fracture, figuratively, ruin; specifically, a solution (of a dream)H7667
  10. ื‘ึผึทืชbatbath: a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and figuratively)H1323
  11. ืขึทืžึผึดึฝื™ืƒสฟammรฎ`am: a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel)H5971
11
  1. ื›ึผึดืœึผึธึคื”killรขkalah: to end, whether intransitive (to cease, be finished, perish) or transitived (to complete, prepare, consume)H3615
  2. ื™ึฐื”ื•ึธื”ึ™yฤ•hwฤhYhovah: (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jehovah, Jewish national name of GodH3068
  3. ืึถืชสพeteth: (properly) self; (generally) used to point out the object of a verb (or preposition) more definitelyH853
  4. ื—ึฒืžึธืชึ”ื•ึนแธฅฤƒmฤtรดchemah: heat; (figuratively) anger, poison (from its fever)H2534
  5. ืฉืึธืคึทึ–ืšึฐลกฤpakshaphak: to spill forth (blood, a libation, liquid metal)H8210
  6. ื—ึฒืจึฃื•ึนืŸแธฅฤƒrรดncharown: a burning of angerH2740
  7. ืึทืคึผึ‘ื•ึนสพappรดaph: (properly) the nose or nostril; (hence) the face, and occasionally a personH639
  8. ื•ึทื™ึผึทืฆึผึถืชwayyaแนฃแนฃetyatsath: to burn or set on fire; (figuratively) to desolateH3341
  9. ืึตึฃืฉืสพฤ“ลกesh: fire (literally or figuratively)H784
  10. ื‘ึผึฐืฆึดื™ึผึ”ื•ึนืŸbฤ•แนฃiyyรดnTsiyown: Tsijon (as a permanent capital), a mountain of JerusalemH6726
  11. ื•ึทืชึผึนึ–ืื›ึทืœwattลสพkalakal: to eat (literally or figuratively)H398
  12. ื™ึฐืกื•ึนื“ึนืชึถึฝื™ื”ึธืƒyฤ•sรดdลtรชhฤycowd: a foundation (literally or figuratively)H3247
12
  1. ืœึนึคืlลสพlo': (the simple or absolute negation) not; (by implication) noH3808
  2. ื”ึถืึฑืžึดึ™ื™ื ื•ึผึ™heสพฤ•mรฎnรปaman: (properly) to build up or support; to foster as a parent or nurseH539
  3. ืžึทืœึฐื›ึตื™malkรชmelek: a kingH4428
  4. ืึถึ”ืจึถืฅสพereแนฃerets: the earth (at large, or partitively a land)H776
  5. ื•ื›ึผึนึ–ืœwkลlkol: (properly) the whole; (hence) all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)H3605
  6. ื™ึนืฉืึฐื‘ึตึฃื™yลลกฤ•bรชyashab: (properly) to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet)H3427
  7. ืชึตื‘ึตึ‘ืœtฤ“bฤ“ltebel: the earth (as moist and therefore inhabited)H8398
  8. ื›ึผึดึคื™kรฎkiy: (by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below)H3588
  9. ื™ึธื‘ึนืึ™yฤbลสพbow': to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)H935
  10. ืฆึทึฃืจแนฃartsar: narrow; (as a noun) a tight place (usually figuratively, i.e. trouble)H6862
  11. ื•ึฐืื•ึนื™ึตึ”ื‘wฤ•สพรดyฤ“boyeb: hating; an adversaryH341
  12. ื‘ึผึฐืฉืึทืขึฒืจึตึ–ื™bฤ•ลกaสฟฤƒrรชsha`ar: an opening, i.e. door or gateH8179
  13. ื™ึฐืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึธึดึฝืืƒyฤ•rรปลกฤloimYruwshalaim: founded peaceful; Jerushalaim or Jerushalem, the capital city of IsraelH3389
13
  1. ืžึตึฝื—ึทื˜ึผึนึฃืืชmฤ“แธฅaแนญแนญลtchatta'ah: an offence (sometimes habitual sinfulness), and its penalty, occasion, sacrifice, or expiationH2403
  2. ื ึฐื‘ึดื™ืึถึ”ื™ื”ึธnฤ•bรฎสพรชhฤnabiy': a prophet; (generally) inspired manH5030
  3. ืขึฒื•ึบื ึ–ื•ึนืชสฟฤƒwลnรดt`avon: perversity, i.e. (moral) evilH5771
  4. ื›ึผึนื”ึฒื ึถึ‘ื™ื”ึธkลhฤƒnรชhฤkohen: (literally) one officiating, a priest; (also, by courtesy) an acting priest (although a layman)H3548
  5. ื”ึทืฉืึผึนืคึฐื›ึดึฅื™ืhaลกลกลpฤ•kรฎmshaphak: to spill forth (blood, a libation, liquid metal)H8210
  6. ื‘ึผึฐืงึดืจึฐื‘ึผึธึ–ื”ึผbฤ•qirbฤhqereb: (properly) the nearest part, i.e. the center, whether literal, figurative or adverbial (especially with...H7130
  7. ื“ึผึทึฅืdamdam: blood (as that which when shed causes death) of man or an animalH1818
  8. ืฆึทื“ึผึดื™ืงึดึฝื™ืืƒแนฃaddรฎqรฎmtsaddiyq: justH6662
14
  1. ื ึธืขึคื•ึผnฤสฟรปnuwa`: to waver, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively (as subjoined)H5128
  2. ืขึดื•ึฐืจึดื™ืึ™สฟiwrรฎm`ivver: blind (literally or figuratively)H5787
  3. ื‘ึผึทึฝื—ื•ึผืฆึ”ื•ึนืชbaแธฅรปแนฃรดtchuwts: (properly) separate by a wall, i.e. outside, outdoorsH2351
  4. ื ึฐื’ึนึฝืึฒืœึ–ื•ึผnฤ•gลสพฤƒlรปga'al: to soil; (figuratively) desecrateH1351
  5. ื‘ึผึทื“ึผึธึ‘ืbaddฤmdam: blood (as that which when shed causes death) of man or an animalH1818
  6. ื‘ึผึฐืœึนึฃืbฤ•lลสพlo': (the simple or absolute negation) not; (by implication) noH3808
  7. ื™ึฝื•ึผื›ึฐืœึ”ื•ึผyรปkฤ•lรปyakol: to be able; (literally) can, couldH3201
  8. ื™ึดื’ึผึฐืขึ–ื•ึผyiggฤ•สฟรปnaga`: (properly) to touch, i.e. lay the hand upon (for any purposeH5060
  9. ื‘ึผึดืœึฐื‘ึปืฉืึตื™ื”ึถึฝืืƒbilbuลกรชhemlbuwsh: a garment (literally or figuratively); (by implication) (euphem.) a wifeH3830
15
  1. ืกึฃื•ึผืจื•ึผsรปrรปcuwr: to turn off (literal or figurative)H5493
  2. ื˜ึธืžึตึžืแนญฤmฤ“สพtame': foul in a relig. senseH2931
  3. ืงึธึฃืจึฐืื•ึผqฤrฤ•สพรปqara': to call out to (i.e. properly, address by name, but used in a wide variety of applications)H7121
  4. ืœึธึ—ืžื•ึนlฤmรด
  5. ืกึคื•ึผืจื•ึผsรปrรปcuwr: to turn off (literal or figurative)H5493
  6. ืกึ™ื•ึผืจื•ึผึ™sรปrรปcuwr: to turn off (literal or figurative)H5493
  7. ืึทืœสพalal: (qualified negation) not (used as a deprecative)H408
  8. ืชึผึดื’ึผึธึ”ืขื•ึผtiggฤสฟรปnaga`: (properly) to touch, i.e. lay the hand upon (for any purposeH5060
  9. ื›ึผึดึฅื™kรฎkiy: (by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below)H3588
  10. ื ึธืฆึ–ื•ึผnฤแนฃรปnuwts: (properly) to flash; (hence) to blossom (from the brilliancy of color)H5132
  11. ื’ึผึทืgamgam: (properly) assemblage; used only adverbially also, even, yea, thoughH1571
  12. ื ึธึ‘ืขื•ึผnฤสฟรปnuwa`: to waver, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively (as subjoined)H5128
  13. ืึธึฝืžึฐืจื•ึผึ™สพฤmฤ•rรปamar: to say (used with great latitude)H559
  14. ื‘ึผึทื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดึ”ืbaggรดyimgowy: a foreign nation; (hence) a GentileH1471
  15. ืœึนึฅืlลสพlo': (the simple or absolute negation) not; (by implication) noH3808
  16. ื™ื•ึนืกึดึ–ื™ืคื•ึผyรดsรฎpรปyacaph: to add or augment (often adverbial, to continue to do a thing)H3254
  17. ืœึธื’ึฝื•ึผืจืƒlฤgรปrguwr: (properly) to turn aside from the road (for a lodging or any other purpose)H1481
16
  1. ืคึผึฐื ึตึคื™pฤ•nรชpaniym: the face (as the part that turns); (with prepositional prefix, as a preposition) before, etc.H6440
  2. ื™ึฐื”ื•ึธื”ึ™yฤ•hwฤhYhovah: (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jehovah, Jewish national name of GodH3068
  3. ื—ึดืœึผึฐืงึธึ”ืแธฅillฤ•qฤmchalaq: to be smooth (figuratively); (by implication) (as smooth stones were used for lots) to apportion or separateH2505
  4. ืœึนึฅืlลสพlo': (the simple or absolute negation) not; (by implication) noH3808
  5. ื™ื•ึนืกึดึ–ื™ืฃyรดsรฎpyacaph: to add or augment (often adverbial, to continue to do a thing)H3254
  6. ืœึฐื”ึทื‘ึผึดื™ื˜ึธึ‘ืlฤ•habbรฎแนญฤmnabat: to scan, i.e. look intently at; (by implication) to regard with pleasure, favor or careH5027
  7. ืคึผึฐื ึตึคื™pฤ•nรชpaniym: the face (as the part that turns); (with prepositional prefix, as a preposition) before, etc.H6440
  8. ื›ึนื”ึฒื ึดื™ืึ™kลhฤƒnรฎmkohen: (literally) one officiating, a priest; (also, by courtesy) an acting priest (although a layman)H3548
  9. ืœึนึฃืlลสพlo': (the simple or absolute negation) not; (by implication) noH3808
  10. ื ึธืฉื‚ึธึ”ืื•ึผnฤล›ฤสพรปnasa': to lift, in a great variety of applications, literal and figurative, absol. and rel. (as follows)H5375
  11. ื–ึฐืงึตื ึดึ–ื™ืzฤ•qฤ“nรฎmzaqen: oldH2205
  12. ืœึนึฅืlลสพlo': (the simple or absolute negation) not; (by implication) noH3808
  13. ื—ึธื ึธึฝื ื•ึผืƒแธฅฤnฤnรปchanan: (properly) to bend or stoop in kindness to an inferiorH2603
17
  1. ืขื•ึนื“ึตึ™ื™ื ื”ึผึ™สฟรดdรชnh`owd: (properly) iteration or continuance; used only adverbially (with or without preposition), again, repeatedly...H5750
  2. ืชึผึดื›ึฐืœึถึฃื™ื ึธื”tiklรชnรขkalah: to end, whether intransitive (to cease, be finished, perish) or transitived (to complete, prepare, consume)H3615
  3. ืขึตื™ื ึตึ”ื™ื ื•ึผสฟรชnรชnรป`ayin: an eye (literally or figuratively); by analogy, a fountain (as the eye of the landscape)H5869
  4. ืึถืœสพelel: (properly) denoting motion towards, but occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e. near, with or amongH413
  5. ืขึถื–ึฐืจึธืชึตึ–ื ื•ึผสฟezrฤtฤ“nรป`ezrah: aidH5833
  6. ื”ึธึ‘ื‘ึถืœhฤbelhebel: emptiness or vanity; (figuratively) something transitory and unsatisfactoryH1892
  7. ื‘ึผึฐืฆึดืคึผึดื™ึผึธืชึตึฃื ื•ึผbฤ•แนฃippiyyฤtฤ“nรปtsphiyah: watchfulnessH6836
  8. ืฆึดืคึผึดึ”ื™ื ื•ึผแนฃippรฎnรปtsaphah: (properly) to lean forward, i.e. to peer into the distanceH6822
  9. ืึถืœสพelel: (properly) denoting motion towards, but occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e. near, with or amongH413
  10. ื’ึผึ–ื•ึนื™gรดygowy: a foreign nation; (hence) a GentileH1471
  11. ืœึนึฅืlลสพlo': (the simple or absolute negation) not; (by implication) noH3808
  12. ื™ื•ึนืฉืึดึฝืขึทืƒyรดลกiaสฟyasha`: (properly) to be open, wide or free; (by implication) to be safeH3467
18
  1. ืฆึธื“ึฃื•ึผแนฃฤdรปtsuwd: to lie alongside (i.e. in wait); (by implication) to catch an animalH6679
  2. ืฆึฐืขึธื“ึตึ”ื™ื ื•ึผแนฃฤ•สฟฤdรชnรปtsa`ad: a pace or regular stepH6806
  3. ืžึดืœึผึถึ–ื›ึถืชmillekethalak: a primitive root; to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)H1980
  4. ื‘ึผึดืจึฐื—ึนื‘ึนืชึตึ‘ื™ื ื•ึผbirแธฅลbลtรชnรปrchob: a width; (concretely) avenue or areaH7339
  5. ืงึธืจึทึฅื‘qฤrabqarab: to approach (causatively, bring near) for whatever purposeH7126
  6. ืงึดืฆึผึตึ›ื™ื ื•ึผqiแนฃแนฃรชnรปqets: an extremity; adverbially (with prepositional prefix) afterH7093
  7. ืžึธืœึฐืึฅื•ึผmolสพรปmale': to fill or (intransitively) be full of, in a wide application (literally and figuratively)H4390
  8. ื™ึธืžึตึ–ื™ื ื•ึผyฤmรชnรปyowm: a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or...H3117
  9. ื›ึผึดื™kรฎkiy: (by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below)H3588
  10. ื‘ึธึฅืbฤสพbow': to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)H935
  11. ืงึดืฆึผึตึฝื ื•ึผืƒqiแนฃแนฃฤ“nรปqets: an extremity; adverbially (with prepositional prefix) afterH7093
19
  1. ืงึทืœึผึดึคื™ืqallรฎmqal: light; (by implication) rapid (also adverbial)H7031
  2. ื”ึธื™ื•ึผึ™hฤyรปhayah: to exist; to be or becomeH1961
  3. ืจึนื“ึฐืคึตึ”ื™ื ื•ึผrลdฤ•pรชnรปradaph: to run after (usually with hostile intentH7291
  4. ืžึดื ึผึดืฉืึฐืจึตึ–ื™minniลกrรชnesher: the eagle (or other large bird of prey)H5404
  5. ืฉืึธืžึธึ‘ื™ึดืลกฤmฤyimshamayim: the sky (as aloft; the dual perhaps alluding to the visible arch in which the clouds move, as well as to the...H8064
  6. ืขึทืœสฟal`al: above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of...H5921
  7. ื”ึถื”ึธืจึดึฃื™ืhehฤrรฎmhar: a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figuratively)H2022
  8. ื“ึผึฐืœึธืงึปึ”ื ื•ึผdฤ•lฤqunรปdalaq: to flame (literally or figuratively)H1814
  9. ื‘ึผึทืžึผึดื“ึฐื‘ึผึธึ–ืจbammidbฤrmidbar: a pasture (i.e. open field, whither cattle are driven)H4057
  10. ืึธึฅืจึฐื‘ื•ึผสพฤrฤ•bรปarab: to lurkH693
20
  1. ืจึคื•ึผื—ึทrรปaแธฅruwach: wind; by resemblance breath, i.e. a sensible (or even violent) exhalationH7307
  2. ืึทืคึผึตึ™ื™ื ื•ึผึ™สพappรชnรปaph: (properly) the nose or nostril; (hence) the face, and occasionally a personH639
  3. ืžึฐืฉืึดึฃื™ื—ึทmฤ•ลกรฎaแธฅmashiyach: anointed; usually a consecrated person (as a king, priest, or saint)H4899
  4. ื™ึฐื”ื•ึธึ”ื”yฤ•hwรขYhovah: (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jehovah, Jewish national name of GodH3068
  5. ื ึดืœึฐื›ึผึทึ–ื“nilkadlakad: to catch (in a net, trap or pit); (generally) to capture or occupyH3920
  6. ื‘ึผึดืฉืึฐื—ึดื™ืชื•ึนืชึธึ‘ืbiลกแธฅรฎtรดtฤmshchiyth: a pit-fall (literally or figuratively)H7825
  7. ืึฒืฉืึถึฃืจสพฤƒลกeraher: who, which, what, that; (as adverb) when, where, howH834
  8. ืึธืžึทึ”ืจึฐื ื•ึผสพฤmarnรปamar: to say (used with great latitude)H559
  9. ื‘ึผึฐืฆึดืœึผึ–ื•ึนbฤ•แนฃillรดtsel: shade, whether literal or figurativeH6738
  10. ื ึดึฝื—ึฐื™ึถึฅื”niแธฅฤ•yechayah: to live, whether literally or figurativelyH2421
  11. ื‘ึทื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดึฝืืƒbaggรดyimgowy: a foreign nation; (hence) a GentileH1471
21
  1. ืฉื‚ึดึคื™ืฉื‚ึดื™ล›รฎล›รฎsuws: to be bright, i.e. cheerfulH7797
  2. ื•ึฐืฉื‚ึดืžึฐื—ึดื™ึ™wฤ•ล›imแธฅiysamach: probably to brighten up, i.e. (figuratively) be (causatively, make) blithe or gleesomeH8055
  3. ื‘ึผึทืชbatbath: a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and figuratively)H1323
  4. ืึฑื“ึ”ื•ึนืสพฤ•dรดmEdom: red (see Gen. 25; Edom, the elder twin-brother of JacobH123
  5. ื™ื•ึนืฉืึถึ–ื‘ึถืชื™yรดลกebetyyashab: (properly) to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet)H3427
  6. ื‘ึผึฐืึถึฃืจึถืฅbฤ•สพereแนฃerets: the earth (at large, or partitively a land)H776
  7. ืขึ‘ื•ึผืฅสฟรปแนฃ`Uwts: consultation; Uts, a son of Aram, also a Seirite, and the regions settled by themH5780
  8. ื’ึผึทืgamgam: (properly) assemblage; used only adverbially also, even, yea, thoughH1571
  9. ืขึธืœึทึ™ื™ึดืšึฐึ™สฟฤlayik`al: above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of...H5921
  10. ืชึผึทืขึฒื‘ึธืจtaสฟฤƒbฤr`abar: to cross overH5674
  11. ื›ึผึ”ื•ึนืกkรดskowc: a cup (as a container); (often, figuratively) a lot (as if a potion)H3563
  12. ืชึผึดืฉืึฐื›ึผึฐืจึดึ–ื™tiลกkฤ•rรฎshakar: to become tipsy; in a qualified sense, to satiate with a stimulating drink or (figuratively) influenceH7937
  13. ื•ึฐืชึดืชึฐืขึธืจึดึฝื™ืƒwฤ•titสฟฤrรฎ`arah: to be (causatively, make) bare; (hence) to empty, pour out, demolishH6168
22
  1. ืชึผึทืtamtamam: to complete, in a good or a bad sense, literal, or figurative, transitive or intransitive (as follows)H8552
  2. ืขึฒื•ึนื ึตืšึฐึ™สฟฤƒwลnฤ“k`avon: perversity, i.e. (moral) evilH5771
  3. ื‘ึผึทืชbatbath: a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and figuratively)H1323
  4. ืฆึดื™ึผึ”ื•ึนืŸแนฃiyyรดnTsiyown: Tsijon (as a permanent capital), a mountain of JerusalemH6726
  5. ืœึนึฅืlลสพlo': (the simple or absolute negation) not; (by implication) noH3808
  6. ื™ื•ึนืกึดึ–ื™ืฃyรดsรฎpyacaph: to add or augment (often adverbial, to continue to do a thing)H3254
  7. ืœึฐื”ึทื’ึฐืœื•ึนืชึตึ‘ืšึฐlฤ•haglรดtฤ“kgalah: to denude (especially in a disgraceful sense)H1540
  8. ืคึผึธืงึทึคื“pฤqadpaqad: to visit (with friendly or hostile intent)H6485
  9. ืขึฒื•ึนื ึตืšึฐึ™สฟฤƒwลnฤ“k`avon: perversity, i.e. (moral) evilH5771
  10. ื‘ึผึทืชbatbath: a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and figuratively)H1323
  11. ืึฑื“ึ”ื•ึนืสพฤ•dรดmEdom: red (see Gen. 25; Edom, the elder twin-brother of JacobH123
  12. ื’ึผึดืœึผึธึ–ื”gillรขgalah: to denude (especially in a disgraceful sense)H1540
  13. ืขึทืœสฟal`al: above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of...H5921
  14. ื—ึทื˜ึผึนืืชึธึฝื™ึดืšึฐืƒแธฅaแนญแนญลสพtฤyikchatta'ah: an offence (sometimes habitual sinfulness), and its penalty, occasion, sacrifice, or expiationH2403

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Strong's words in Lamentations 4 (6)
Strong's H1323 — ื‘ึผึทืช (bat)
bath (bath) n-f. 1. a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and figuratively) [from H1129 (as feminine of H1121)] KJV: apple (of the eye), branch, company, da. Appears 6 times in Lamentations 4.
Strong's H1961 — ื”ึธื™ึธึฅื” (hฤyรข)
hayah (haw-yaw) v. 1. to exist 2. to be or become 3. to come into being, i.e. to happen, to occur (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary) [a primitive root] KJV: beacon, X altogether, be. Appears 4 times in Lamentations 4.
Strong's H2351 — ื—ื•ึผืฆึฝื•ึนืชืƒ (แธฅรปแนฃรดt)
chuwts (khoots) (or (shortened) chuts {khoots}) n-m. 1. (properly) separate by a wall, i.e. outside, outdoors [(both forms feminine in the plural) from an unused root meaning to sever] KJV: abroad, field, forth, highway, more, out(-side, -ward), street, without.. Appears 4 times in Lamentations 4.
Strong's H5771 — ืขึฒื•ึนึฃืŸ (สฟฤƒwลn)
`avon (aw-vone') (or oavown (2 Kings 7) n-m. 1. perversity, i.e. (moral) evil [from H5753] KJV: fault, iniquity, mischeif, punishment (of iniquity), sin. Root(s): H5753 See also: H7. Appears 4 times in Lamentations 4.
Strong's H1471 — ื‘ึผึทื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดึ”ื (baggรดyim)
gowy (go'-ee) (rarely (shortened) goy {go'-ee}) n-m. 1. a foreign nation 2. (hence) a Gentile 3. (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a flight of locusts [apparently from the same root as H1465 (in the sense of massing)] KJV: Gentile, heathen, nation, people. See also: H1465. Appears 3 times in Lamentations 4.
Strong's H1571 — ื’ึผึทื (gam)
gam (gam) adv. 1. (properly) assemblage 2. used only adverbially also, even, yea, though 3. often repeated as correl. both...and [by contraction from an unused root meaning to gather] KJV: again, alike, also, (so much) as (soon), both (so)...and , but, either...or, even, for all, (in) likewise (manner), moreover, nay...neither, one, then(-refore), though, what, with, yea.. Appears 3 times in Lamentations 4.

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“And so it was said by the prophet, "The breath before our face is the Lord Christ." And the power of this form is shown by your own symbols on what are called "vexilla" [banners] and trophies, with which all your state possessions are made, using these as the insignia of your...”

What the Early Church wrote about Lamentations 4 (4)

  • “Jeremiah says, โ€œThe Spirit of our face is Christ the Lord; and how was he taken into their nets of whom we said, under his shadow we shall live among the nations.โ€ The Scripture announces that, being Spirit of God, Christ was going to become a passible man, also, as if astonis...”

    — Irenaeus (3rd century) on Lamentations 4:20

  • “For we are they of whom it is written, โ€œIts Nazarites were whiter than snow,โ€ even they who were once defiled with the stains of sin and darkened with the clouds of ignorance.”

  • “We indeed, who know for certain that Christ always spoke in the prophets, as the Spirit of the Creator (for so says the prophet, โ€œThe person of our Spirit, Christ the Lord,โ€ who from the beginning was both heard and seen as the Fatherโ€™s vicegerent in the name of God).”

  • “Jeremiah says, โ€œUnder his shadow we shall live among the Gentiles.โ€ You see, then, how the prophet, moved by the Holy Spirit, says that life is afforded to the Gentiles by the shadow of Christ;”

    — Origen (3rd century) on Lamentations 4:20

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