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Read Isaiah 28 in modern English — World English Bible (29 verses)

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1 Woe to the crown of pride of the drunkards of Ephraim, and to the fading flower of his glorious beauty, which is on the head of the fertile valley of those who are overcome with wine!

2 Behold, the Lord has a mighty and strong one. Like a storm of hail, a destroying storm, and like a storm of mighty waters overflowing, he will cast them down to the earth with his hand.

3 The crown of pride of the drunkards of Ephraim will be trodden under foot.

4 The fading flower of his glorious beauty, which is on the head of the fertile valley, shall be like the first-ripe fig before the summer; which someone picks and eats as soon as he sees it.

5 In that day, Yahweh of Armies will become a crown of glory, and a diadem of beauty, to the residue of his people;

6 and a spirit of justice to him who sits in judgment, and strength to those who turn back the battle at the gate.

7 They also reel with wine, and stagger with strong drink. The priest and the prophet reel with strong drink. They are swallowed up by wine. They stagger with strong drink. They err in vision. They stumble in judgment.

8 For all tables are completely full of filthy vomit and filthiness.

9 Whom will he teach knowledge? To whom will he explain the message? Those who are weaned from the milk, and drawn from the breasts?

10 For it is precept on precept, precept on precept; line on line, line on line; here a little, there a little.

11 But he will speak to this nation with stammering lips and in another language;

12 to whom he said, “This is the resting place. Give rest to weary”; and “This is the refreshing”; yet they would not hear.

13 Therefore Yahweh’s word will be to them precept on precept, precept on precept; line on line, line on line; here a little, there a little; that they may go, fall backward, be broken, be snared, and be taken.

14 Therefore hear Yahweh’s word, you scoffers, that rule this people in Jerusalem:

15 “Because you have said, ‘We have made a covenant with death, and with Sheol are we in agreement. When the overflowing scourge passes through, it won’t come to us; for we have made lies our refuge, and we have hidden ourselves under falsehood.’”

16 Therefore thus says the Lord Yahweh, “Behold, I lay in Zion for a foundation a stone, a tried stone, a precious cornerstone of a sure foundation. He who believes shall not act hastily.

17 I will make justice the measuring line, and righteousness the plumb line. The hail will sweep away the refuge of lies, and the waters will overflow the hiding place.

18 Your covenant with death shall be annulled, and your agreement with Sheol shall not stand. When the overflowing scourge passes through, then you will be trampled down by it.

19 As often as it passes through, it will seize you; for morning by morning it will pass through, by day and by night; and it will be nothing but terror to understand the message.”

20 For the bed is too short to stretch out on, and the blanket is too narrow to wrap oneself in.

21 For Yahweh will rise up as on Mount Perazim. He will be angry as in the valley of Gibeon; that he may do his work, his unusual work, and bring to pass his act, his extraordinary act.

22 Now therefore don’t be scoffers, lest your bonds be made strong; for I have heard a decree of destruction from the Lord, Yahweh of Armies, on the whole earth.

23 Give ear, and hear my voice! Listen, and hear my speech!

24 Does he who plows to sow plow continually? Does he keep turning the soil and breaking the clods?

25 When he has leveled its surface, doesn’t he plant the dill, and scatter the cumin seed, and put in the wheat in rows, the barley in the appointed place, and the spelt in its place?

26 For his God instructs him in right judgment, and teaches him.

27 For the dill are not threshed with a sharp instrument, neither is a cart wheel turned over the cumin; but the dill is beaten out with a stick, and the cumin with a rod.

28 Bread flour must be ground; so he will not always be threshing it. Although he drives the wheel of his threshing cart over it, his horses don’t grind it.

29 This also comes out from Yahweh of Armies, who is wonderful in counsel, and excellent in wisdom.

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Study tools for Isaiah 28

Cross-references, Hebrew word study, and what the Early Church wrote about Isaiah 28. Tap any section to expand — or right-click any verse for the full interactive study panel.

Isaiah 28 study resources: word-by-word Hebrew interlinear with Strong's numbers, 5 cross-references, 3 Early-Church citations.

Cross-references in Isaiah 28 (5)

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Hebrew interlinear — Isaiah 28:1–29 (380 words)
1
  1. ה֗וֹיhôyhowy: oh!H1945
  2. עֲטֶ֤רֶתʿăṭeret`atarah: a crownH5850
  3. גֵּאוּת֙gēʾûtge'uwth: the same as H1346H1348
  4. שִׁכֹּרֵ֣יšikkōrêshikkowr: intoxicated, as a state or a habitH7910
  5. אֶפְרַ֔יִםʾeprayimEphrayim: double fruit; Ephrajim, a son of JosephH669
  6. וְצִ֥יץwĕṣîṣtsiyts: (properly) glistening, i.e. a burnished plateH6731
  7. נֹבֵ֖לnōbēlnabel: to wilt; (generally) to fall away, fail, faintH5034
  8. צְבִ֣יṣĕbîtsbiy: splendor (as conspicuous); also a gazelle (as beautiful)H6643
  9. תִפְאַרְתּ֑וֹtipʾartôtiph'arah: ornamentH8597
  10. אֲשֶׁ֛רʾăšeraher: who, which, what, that; (as adverb) when, where, howH834
  11. עַלʿal`al: above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of...H5921
  12. רֹ֥אשׁrōšro'sh: the head (as most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many applications, of place, time, rank...H7218
  13. גֵּֽיאgêʾgay': a gorge (from its lofty sides; (hence) narrow, but not a gully or winter-torrent)H1516
  14. שְׁמָנִ֖יםšĕmānîmshemen: grease, especially liquid (as from the olive, often perfumed)H8081
  15. הֲל֥וּמֵיhălûmêhalam: to strike down; (by implication) to hammer, stamp, conquer, disbandH1986
  16. יָֽיִן׃yāyinyayin: wine (as fermented); (by implication) intoxicationH3196
2
  1. הִנֵּ֨הhinnēhinneh: lo!H2009
  2. חָזָ֤קḥāzāqchazaq: strong (usu. in a bad sense, hard, bold, violent)H2389
  3. וְאַמִּץ֙wĕʾammiṣammiyts: strong or (abstractly) strengthH533
  4. לַֽאדֹנָ֔יlaʾdōnāyAdonay: the Lord (used as a proper name of God only)H136
  5. כְּזֶ֥רֶםkĕzeremzerem: a gush of waterH2230
  6. בָּרָ֖דbārādbarad: hailH1259
  7. שַׂ֣עַרśaʿarsa`ar: a tempest; also a terrorH8178
  8. קָ֑טֶבqāṭebqeteb: ruinH6986
  9. כְּ֠זֶרֶםkĕzeremzerem: a gush of waterH2230
  10. מַ֣יִםmayimmayim: water; (figuratively) juiceH4325
  11. כַּבִּירִ֥יםkabbîrîmkabbiyr: vast, whether in extent (figuratively, of power, mightyH3524
  12. שֹׁטְפִ֛יםšōṭĕpîmshataph: to gush; (by implication) to flood, cleanseH7857
  13. הִנִּ֥יחַhinnîaḥyanach: to deposit; (by implication) to allow to stayH3240
  14. לָאָ֖רֶץlāʾāreṣerets: the earth (at large, or partitively a land)H776
  15. בְּיָֽד׃bĕyādyad: a hand (the open one (indicating power, means, direction, etc.), in distinction from H3709, the closed one)H3027
3
  1. בְּרַגְלַ֖יִםbĕraglayimregel: a foot (as used in walking); (by implication) a stepH7272
  2. תֵּֽרָמַ֑סְנָהtērāmasnâramac: to tread upon (as a potter, in walking or abusively)H7429
  3. עֲטֶ֥רֶתʿăṭeret`atarah: a crownH5850
  4. גֵּא֖וּתgēʾûtge'uwth: the same as H1346H1348
  5. שִׁכּוֹרֵ֥יšikkôrêshikkowr: intoxicated, as a state or a habitH7910
  6. אֶפְרָֽיִם׃ʾeprāyimEphrayim: double fruit; Ephrajim, a son of JosephH669
4
  1. וְֽהָ֨יְתָ֜הwĕhāyĕtâhayah: to exist; to be or becomeH1961
  2. צִיצַ֤תṣîṣattsiytsah: a flowerH6733
  3. נֹבֵל֙nōbēlnabel: to wilt; (generally) to fall away, fail, faintH5034
  4. צְבִ֣יṣĕbîtsbiy: splendor (as conspicuous); also a gazelle (as beautiful)H6643
  5. תִפְאַרְתּ֔וֹtipʾartôtiph'arah: ornamentH8597
  6. אֲשֶׁ֥רʾăšeraher: who, which, what, that; (as adverb) when, where, howH834
  7. עַלʿal`al: above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of...H5921
  8. רֹ֖אשׁrōšro'sh: the head (as most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many applications, of place, time, rank...H7218
  9. גֵּ֣יאgêʾgay': a gorge (from its lofty sides; (hence) narrow, but not a gully or winter-torrent)H1516
  10. שְׁמָנִ֑יםšĕmānîmshemen: grease, especially liquid (as from the olive, often perfumed)H8081
  11. כְּבִכּוּרָהּ֙kĕbikkûrāhbikkuwr: the first-fruits of the cropH1061
  12. בְּטֶ֣רֶםbĕṭeremterem: (properly) non-occurrence; used adverbially, not yet or beforeH2962
  13. קַ֔יִץqayiṣqayits: harvest (as the crop), whether the product (grain or fruit) or the (dry) seasonH7019
  14. אֲשֶׁ֨רʾăšeraher: who, which, what, that; (as adverb) when, where, howH834
  15. יִרְאֶ֤הyirʾera'ah: to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and...H7200
  16. הָֽרֹאֶה֙hārōʾehra'ah: to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and...H7200
  17. אוֹתָ֔הּʾôtāheth: (properly) self; (generally) used to point out the object of a verb (or preposition) more definitelyH853
  18. בְּעוֹדָ֥הּbĕʿôdāh`owd: (properly) iteration or continuance; used only adverbially (with or without preposition), again, repeatedly...H5750
  19. בְּכַפּ֖וֹbĕkappôkaph: the hollow hand or palm (so of the paw of an animal, of the sole, and even of the bowl of a dish or sling, the...H3709
  20. יִבְלָעֶֽנָּה׃yiblāʿennâbala`: to make away with; (specifically) to take by swallowing, to devourH1104
5
  1. בַּיּ֣וֹםbayyômyowm: a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or...H3117
  2. הַה֗וּאhahûʾhuw': (the third person pronoun singular) he, she, or it (only expressed when emphatic or without a verb)H1931
  3. יִֽהְיֶה֙yihĕyehhayah: to exist; to be or becomeH1961
  4. יְהוָ֣הyĕhwâYhovah: (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jehovah, Jewish national name of GodH3068
  5. צְבָא֔וֹתṣĕbāʾôttsaba': a mass of persons; (figuratively) a mass of thingsH6635
  6. לַעֲטֶ֣רֶתlaʿăṭeret`atarah: a crownH5850
  7. צְבִ֔יṣĕbîtsbiy: splendor (as conspicuous); also a gazelle (as beautiful)H6643
  8. וְלִצְפִירַ֖תwĕliṣpîrattsphiyrah: a crown (as encircling the head); also a turn of affairs (i.e. mishap)H6843
  9. תִּפְאָרָ֑הtipʾārâtiph'arah: ornamentH8597
  10. לִשְׁאָ֖רlišʾārsh'ar: a remainderH7605
  11. עַמּֽוֹ׃ʿammô`am: a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel)H5971
6
  1. וּלְר֖וּחַûlĕrûaḥruwach: wind; by resemblance breath, i.e. a sensible (or even violent) exhalationH7307
  2. מִשְׁפָּ֑טmišpāṭmishpat: (properly) a verdict (favorable or unfavorable) pronounced judicially, especially a sentence or formal decree...H4941
  3. לַיּוֹשֵׁב֙layyôšēbyashab: (properly) to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet)H3427
  4. עַלʿal`al: above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of...H5921
  5. הַמִּשְׁפָּ֔טhammišpāṭmishpat: (properly) a verdict (favorable or unfavorable) pronounced judicially, especially a sentence or formal decree...H4941
  6. וְלִ֨גְבוּרָ֔הwĕligbûrâgbuwrah: force (literally or figuratively); (by implication) valor, victoryH1369
  7. מְשִׁיבֵ֥יmĕšîbêshuwb: to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the...H7725
  8. מִלְחָמָ֖הmilḥāmâmilchamah: a battle (i.e. the engagement); (generally) war (i.e. warfare)H4421
  9. שָֽׁעְרָה׃šāʿĕrâsha`ar: an opening, i.e. door or gateH8179
7
  1. וְגַםwĕgamgam: (properly) assemblage; used only adverbially also, even, yea, thoughH1571
  2. אֵ֙לֶּה֙ʾēllehel-leh: these or thoseH428
  3. בַּיַּ֣יִןbayyayinyayin: wine (as fermented); (by implication) intoxicationH3196
  4. שָׁג֔וּšāgûshagah: to stray (causatively, mislead), usually (figuratively) to mistake, especially (morally) to transgressH7686
  5. וּבַשֵּׁכָ֖רûbaššēkārshekar: an intoxicant, i.e. intensely alcoholic liquorH7941
  6. תָּע֑וּtāʿûta`ah: to vacillate, i.e. reel or stray (literally or figuratively)H8582
  7. כֹּהֵ֣ןkōhēnkohen: (literally) one officiating, a priest; (also, by courtesy) an acting priest (although a layman)H3548
  8. וְנָבִיא֩wĕnābîʾnabiy': a prophet; (generally) inspired manH5030
  9. שָׁג֨וּšāgûshagah: to stray (causatively, mislead), usually (figuratively) to mistake, especially (morally) to transgressH7686
  10. בַשֵּׁכָ֜רbaššēkārshekar: an intoxicant, i.e. intensely alcoholic liquorH7941
  11. נִבְלְע֣וּniblĕʿûbala`: to make away with; (specifically) to take by swallowing, to devourH1104
  12. מִןminmin: (properly) a part of; (hence, prepositionally) from or out of (in many senses)H4480
  13. הַיַּ֗יִןhayyayinyayin: wine (as fermented); (by implication) intoxicationH3196
  14. תָּעוּ֙tāʿûta`ah: to vacillate, i.e. reel or stray (literally or figuratively)H8582
  15. מִןminmin: (properly) a part of; (hence, prepositionally) from or out of (in many senses)H4480
  16. הַשֵּׁכָ֔רhaššēkārshekar: an intoxicant, i.e. intensely alcoholic liquorH7941
  17. שָׁגוּ֙šāgûshagah: to stray (causatively, mislead), usually (figuratively) to mistake, especially (morally) to transgressH7686
  18. בָּֽרֹאֶ֔הbārōʾero'eh: a seer (as often rendered); but also (abstractly) a visionH7203
  19. פָּק֖וּpāqûpuwq: to waverH6328
  20. פְּלִילִיָּֽה׃pĕlîliyyâpliyliyah: judicatureH6417
8
  1. כִּ֚יkîkiy: (by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below)H3588
  2. כָּלkālkol: (properly) the whole; (hence) all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)H3605
  3. שֻׁלְחָנ֔וֹתšulḥānôtshulchan: a table (as spread out); (by implication) a mealH7979
  4. מָלְא֖וּmolʾûmale': to fill or (intransitively) be full of, in a wide application (literally and figuratively)H4390
  5. קִ֣יאqîʾqe': vomitH6892
  6. צֹאָ֑הṣōʾâtsow'ah: excrement; (generally) dirtH6675
  7. בְּלִ֖יbĕlîbliy: (properly) failure; nothing or destructionH1097
  8. מָקֽוֹם׃māqômmaqowm: (properly) a standing, i.e. a spot; but used widely of a locality (general or specific)H4725
9
  1. אֶתʾeteth: (properly) self; (generally) used to point out the object of a verb (or preposition) more definitelyH853
  2. מִי֙miymiy: who?; (occasionally, by a peculiar idiom, of things) which?H4310
  3. יוֹרֶ֣הyôreyarah: (properly) to flow as water; (hence) to rainH3384
  4. דֵעָ֔הdēʿâde`ah: knowledgeH1844
  5. וְאֶתwĕʾeteth: (properly) self; (generally) used to point out the object of a verb (or preposition) more definitelyH853
  6. מִ֖יmîmiy: who?; (occasionally, by a peculiar idiom, of things) which?H4310
  7. יָבִ֣יןyābînbiyn: to separate mentally (or distinguish); (generally) understandH995
  8. שְׁמוּעָ֑הšĕmûʿâshmuw`ah: something heard, i.e. an announcementH8052
  9. גְּמוּלֵי֙gĕmûlēygamal: to treat a person (well or ill), i.e. benefit or requiteH1580
  10. מֵֽחָלָ֔בmēḥālābchalab: milk (as the richness of kine)H2461
  11. עַתִּיקֵ֖יʿattîqêattiyq: removed, i.e. weaned; also antiqueH6267
  12. מִשָּׁדָֽיִם׃miššādāyimshad: the breast of a woman or animal (as bulging)H7699
10
  1. כִּ֣יkîkiy: (by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below)H3588
  2. צַ֤וṣǎwtsav: an injunctionH6673
  3. לָצָו֙lāṣāwtsav: an injunctionH6673
  4. צַ֣וṣǎwtsav: an injunctionH6673
  5. לָצָ֔וlāṣāwtsav: an injunctionH6673
  6. קַ֥וqǎwqav: a cord (as connecting), especially for measuringH6957
  7. לָקָ֖וlāqāwqav: a cord (as connecting), especially for measuringH6957
  8. קַ֣וqǎwqav: a cord (as connecting), especially for measuringH6957
  9. לָקָ֑וlāqāwqav: a cord (as connecting), especially for measuringH6957
  10. זְעֵ֥ירzĕʿêrze`eyr: smallH2191
  11. שָׁ֖םšāmsham: there (transferring to time) then; often thither, or thenceH8033
  12. זְעֵ֥ירzĕʿêrze`eyr: smallH2191
  13. שָֽׁם׃šāmsham: there (transferring to time) then; often thither, or thenceH8033
11
  1. כִּ֚יkîkiy: (by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below)H3588
  2. בְּלַעֲגֵ֣יbĕlaʿăgêla`eg: a buffoon; also a foreignerH3934
  3. שָׂפָ֔הśāpâsaphah: the lip (as a natural boundary); (by implication) languageH8193
  4. וּבְלָשׁ֖וֹןûbĕlāšônlashown: the tongue (of man or animals), used literally (as the instrument of licking, eating, or speech), and...H3956
  5. אַחֶ֑רֶתʾaḥeretacher: (properly) hinder; (generally) next, other, etcH312
  6. יְדַבֵּ֖רyĕdabbērdabar: perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speakH1696
  7. אֶלʾelel: (properly) denoting motion towards, but occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e. near, with or amongH413
  8. הָעָ֥םhāʿām`am: a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel)H5971
  9. הַזֶּֽה׃hazzezeh: the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or thatH2088
12
  1. אֲשֶׁ֣ר׀ʾăšeraher: who, which, what, that; (as adverb) when, where, howH834
  2. אָמַ֣רʾāmaramar: to say (used with great latitude)H559
  3. אֲלֵיהֶ֗םʾălêhemel: (properly) denoting motion towards, but occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e. near, with or amongH413
  4. זֹ֤אתzōtzo'th: this (often used adverb)H2063
  5. הַמְּנוּחָה֙hammĕnûḥāhmnuwchah: repose; (adverbially) peacefullyH4496
  6. הָנִ֣יחוּhānîḥûnuwach: to rest, i.e. settle downH5117
  7. לֶֽעָיֵ֔ףleʿāyēp`ayeph: languidH5889
  8. וְזֹ֖אתwĕzōtzo'th: this (often used adverb)H2063
  9. הַמַּרְגֵּעָ֑הhammargēʿâmarge`ah: restH4774
  10. וְלֹ֥אwĕlōʾlo': (the simple or absolute negation) not; (by implication) noH3808
  11. אָב֖וּאʾābûʾabah: to breathe after; (figuratively) to be acquiescentH14
  12. שְׁמֽוֹעַ׃šĕmôaʿshama`: to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etcH8085
13
  1. וְהָיָ֨הwĕhāyâhayah: to exist; to be or becomeH1961
  2. לָהֶ֜םlāhemhem: they (only used when emphatic)H1992
  3. דְּבַרdĕbardabar: a word; (by implication) a matter (as spoken of) or thingH1697
  4. יְהוָ֗הyĕhwâYhovah: (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jehovah, Jewish national name of GodH3068
  5. צַ֣וṣǎwtsav: an injunctionH6673
  6. לָצָ֞וlāṣāwtsav: an injunctionH6673
  7. צַ֤וṣǎwtsav: an injunctionH6673
  8. לָצָו֙lāṣāwtsav: an injunctionH6673
  9. קַ֤וqǎwqav: a cord (as connecting), especially for measuringH6957
  10. לָקָו֙lāqāwqav: a cord (as connecting), especially for measuringH6957
  11. קַ֣וqǎwqav: a cord (as connecting), especially for measuringH6957
  12. לָקָ֔וlāqāwqav: a cord (as connecting), especially for measuringH6957
  13. זְעֵ֥ירzĕʿêrze`eyr: smallH2191
  14. שָׁ֖םšāmsham: there (transferring to time) then; often thither, or thenceH8033
  15. זְעֵ֣ירzĕʿêrze`eyr: smallH2191
  16. שָׁ֑םšāmsham: there (transferring to time) then; often thither, or thenceH8033
  17. לְמַ֨עַןlĕmaʿanma`an: (properly) heed, i.e. purposeH4616
  18. יֵלְכ֜וּyēlĕkûhalak: a primitive root; to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)H1980
  19. וְכָשְׁל֤וּwĕkošlûkashal: to totter or waver (through weakness of the legs, especially the ankle)H3782
  20. אָחוֹר֙ʾāḥôrachowr: the hinder part; (hence, adverbly) behind, backwardH268
  21. וְנִשְׁבָּ֔רוּwĕnišbārûshabar: to burst (literally or figuratively)H7665
  22. וְנוֹקְשׁ֖וּwĕnôqĕšûyaqosh: to ensnare (literally or figuratively)H3369
  23. וְנִלְכָּֽדוּ׃wĕnilkādûlakad: to catch (in a net, trap or pit); (generally) to capture or occupyH3920
14
  1. לָכֵ֛ןlākēnken: (properly) set upright; hence (figuratively as adjective) justH3651
  2. שִׁמְע֥וּšimʿûshama`: to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etcH8085
  3. דְבַרdĕbardabar: a word; (by implication) a matter (as spoken of) or thingH1697
  4. יְהוָ֖הyĕhwâYhovah: (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jehovah, Jewish national name of GodH3068
  5. אַנְשֵׁ֣יʾanšêiysh: a man as an individual or a male personH376
  6. לָצ֑וֹןlāṣônlatsown: derisionH3944
  7. מֹֽשְׁלֵי֙mōšĕlēymashal: to ruleH4910
  8. הָעָ֣םhāʿām`am: a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel)H5971
  9. הַזֶּ֔הhazzezeh: the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or thatH2088
  10. אֲשֶׁ֖רʾăšeraher: who, which, what, that; (as adverb) when, where, howH834
  11. בִּירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃bîrûšāloimYruwshalaim: founded peaceful; Jerushalaim or Jerushalem, the capital city of IsraelH3389
15
  1. כִּ֣יkîkiy: (by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below)H3588
  2. אֲמַרְתֶּ֗םʾămartemamar: to say (used with great latitude)H559
  3. כָּרַ֤תְנֽוּkāratnûkarath: to cut (off, down or asunder); (by implication) to destroy or consumeH3772
  4. בְרִית֙bĕrîtbriyth: a compact (because made by passing between pieces of flesh)H1285
  5. אֶתʾeteth: (properly) nearness; (used only as a preposition or an adverb) nearH854
  6. מָ֔וֶתmāwetmaveth: death (natural or violent); (concretely) the dead, their place or state (hades)H4194
  7. וְעִםwĕʿim`im: adverb or preposition, with (i.e. in conjunction with), in varied applicationsH5973
  8. שְׁא֖וֹלšĕʾôlsh'owl: Hades or the world of the dead (as if a subterranean retreat), including its accessories and inmatesH7585
  9. עָשִׂ֣ינוּʿāśînû`asah: to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application (as follows)H6213
  10. חֹזֶ֑הḥōzechozeh: a beholder in vision; also a compact (as looked upon with approval)H2374
  11. שׁ֣יֹטšyōṭshataph: to gush; (by implication) to flood, cleanseH7857
  12. שׁוֹטֵ֤ףšôṭēpshowt: a lash (literally or figuratively)H7752
  13. כִּֽיkîkiy: (by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below)H3588
  14. עֲבֹר֙ʿăbōr`abar: to cross overH5674
  15. לֹ֣אlōʾlo': (the simple or absolute negation) not; (by implication) noH3808
  16. יְבוֹאֵ֔נוּyĕbôʾēnûbow': to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)H935
  17. כִּ֣יkîkiy: (by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below)H3588
  18. שַׂ֧מְנוּśamnûsuwm: to put (used in a great variety of applications, literal, figurative, inferentially, and elliptically)H7760
  19. כָזָ֛בkāzābkazab: falsehood; literally (untruth) or figuratively (idol)H3577
  20. מַחְסֵ֖נוּmaḥsēnûmachaceh: a shelter (literally or figuratively)H4268
  21. וּבַשֶּׁ֥קֶרûbaššeqersheqer: an untruth; (by implication, often adverbial) a fraud or deceit (i.e. fraudulently, deceitfully)H8267
  22. נִסְתָּֽרְנוּ׃nistārĕnûcathar: to hide (by covering), literally or figurativelyH5641
16
  1. לָכֵ֗ןlākēnken: (properly) set upright; hence (figuratively as adjective) justH3651
  2. כֹּ֤הkōkoh: (properly) like this; (by implication, of manner) thus (or so)H3541
  3. אָמַר֙ʾāmaramar: to say (used with great latitude)H559
  4. אֲדֹנָ֣יʾădōnāyAdonay: the Lord (used as a proper name of God only)H136
  5. יְהוִ֔הyĕhwiYhovih: GodH3069
  6. הִנְנִ֛יhinnîhen: lo!; (as expressing surprise) ifH2005
  7. יִסַּ֥דyissadyacad: to set (literally or figuratively); intensively, to foundH3245
  8. בְּצִיּ֖וֹןbĕṣiyyônTsiyown: Tsijon (as a permanent capital), a mountain of JerusalemH6726
  9. אָ֑בֶןʾābeneben: a stoneH68
  10. אֶ֣בֶןʾebeneben: a stoneH68
  11. בֹּ֜חַןbōḥanbochan: trialH976
  12. פִּנַּ֤תpinnatpinnah: an angle; (by implication) a pinnacleH6438
  13. יִקְרַת֙yiqratyaqar: valuableH3368
  14. מוּסָ֣דmûsādmuwcad: a foundationH4143
  15. מוּסָּ֔דmûssādyacad: to set (literally or figuratively); intensively, to foundH3245
  16. הַֽמַּאֲמִ֖יןhammaʾămînaman: (properly) to build up or support; to foster as a parent or nurseH539
  17. לֹ֥אlōʾlo': (the simple or absolute negation) not; (by implication) noH3808
  18. יָחִֽישׁ׃yāḥîšchuwsh: to hurry; (figuratively) to be eager with excitement or enjoymentH2363
17
  1. וְשַׂמְתִּ֤יwĕśamtîsuwm: to put (used in a great variety of applications, literal, figurative, inferentially, and elliptically)H7760
  2. מִשְׁפָּט֙mišpāṭmishpat: (properly) a verdict (favorable or unfavorable) pronounced judicially, especially a sentence or formal decree...H4941
  3. לְקָ֔וlĕqāwqav: a cord (as connecting), especially for measuringH6957
  4. וּצְדָקָ֖הûṣĕdāqâtsdaqah: rightness (abstractly), subjectively (rectitude), objectively (justice), morally (virtue) or figuratively...H6666
  5. לְמִשְׁקָ֑לֶתlĕmišqāletmishqeleth: a weight, i.e. a plummet (with line attached)H4949
  6. וְיָעָ֤הwĕyāʿâya`ah: apparently to brush asideH3261
  7. בָרָד֙bārādbarad: hailH1259
  8. מַחְסֵ֣הmaḥsēmachaceh: a shelter (literally or figuratively)H4268
  9. כָזָ֔בkāzābkazab: falsehood; literally (untruth) or figuratively (idol)H3577
  10. וְסֵ֥תֶרwĕsētercether: a cover (in a good or a bad, a literal or a figurative sense)H5643
  11. מַ֖יִםmayimmayim: water; (figuratively) juiceH4325
  12. יִשְׁטֹֽפוּ׃yišṭōpûshataph: to gush; (by implication) to flood, cleanseH7857
18
  1. וְכֻפַּ֤רwĕkupparkaphar: to cover (specifically with bitumen); (figuratively) to expiate or condone, to placate or cancelH3722
  2. בְּרִֽיתְכֶם֙bĕrîtĕkembriyth: a compact (because made by passing between pieces of flesh)H1285
  3. אֶתʾeteth: (properly) nearness; (used only as a preposition or an adverb) nearH854
  4. מָ֔וֶתmāwetmaveth: death (natural or violent); (concretely) the dead, their place or state (hades)H4194
  5. וְחָזוּתְכֶ֥םwĕḥāzûtĕkemchazuwth: a look; (hence, figuratively) a striking appearance, a revelationH2380
  6. אֶתʾeteth: (properly) nearness; (used only as a preposition or an adverb) nearH854
  7. שְׁא֖וֹלšĕʾôlsh'owl: Hades or the world of the dead (as if a subterranean retreat), including its accessories and inmatesH7585
  8. לֹ֣אlōʾlo': (the simple or absolute negation) not; (by implication) noH3808
  9. תָק֑וּםtāqûmquwm: to rise (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative)H6965
  10. שׁ֤וֹטšôṭshowt: a lash (literally or figuratively)H7752
  11. שׁוֹטֵף֙šôṭēpshataph: to gush; (by implication) to flood, cleanseH7857
  12. כִּ֣יkîkiy: (by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below)H3588
  13. יַֽעֲבֹ֔רyaʿăbōr`abar: to cross overH5674
  14. וִהְיִ֥יתֶםwihyîtemhayah: to exist; to be or becomeH1961
  15. ל֖וֹlô
  16. לְמִרְמָֽס׃lĕmirmāsmirmac: abasement (the act or the thing)H4823
19
  1. מִדֵּ֤יmiddêday: enough (as noun or adverb), used chiefly with preposition in phrasesH1767
  2. עָבְרוֹ֙ʿobrô`abar: to cross overH5674
  3. יִקַּ֣חyiqqaḥlaqach: to take (in the widest variety of applications)H3947
  4. אֶתְכֶ֔םʾetkemeth: (properly) self; (generally) used to point out the object of a verb (or preposition) more definitelyH853
  5. כִּֽיkîkiy: (by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below)H3588
  6. בַבֹּ֧קֶרbabbōqerboqer: (properly) dawn (as the break of day); (generally) morningH1242
  7. בַּבֹּ֛קֶרbabbōqerboqer: (properly) dawn (as the break of day); (generally) morningH1242
  8. יַעֲבֹ֖רyaʿăbōr`abar: to cross overH5674
  9. בַּיּ֣וֹםbayyômyowm: a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or...H3117
  10. וּבַלָּ֑יְלָהûballāyĕlâlayil: (properly) a twist (away of the light), i.e. nightH3915
  11. וְהָיָ֥הwĕhāyâhayah: to exist; to be or becomeH1961
  12. רַקraqraq: (properly) leanness, i.e. (figuratively) limitationH7535
  13. זְוָעָ֖הzĕwāʿâzva`ah: agitation, fearH2113
  14. הָבִ֥יןhābînbiyn: to separate mentally (or distinguish); (generally) understandH995
  15. שְׁמוּעָֽה׃šĕmûʿâshmuw`ah: something heard, i.e. an announcementH8052
20
  1. כִּֽיkîkiy: (by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below)H3588
  2. קָצַ֥רqāṣarקצרH7114
  3. הַמַּצָּ֖עhammaṣṣāʿmatstsa`: a couchH4702
  4. מֵֽהִשְׂתָּרֵ֑עַmēhiśtārēaʿsara`: to prolong, i.e. (reflex) be deformed by excess of membersH8311
  5. וְהַמַּסֵּכָ֥הwĕhammassēkâmaccekah: (properly) a pouring over, i.e. fusion of metal (especially a cast image)H4541
  6. צָ֖רָהṣārâtsarar: to cramp, literally or figuratively, transitive or intransitive (as follows)H6887
  7. כְּהִתְכַּנֵּֽס׃kĕhitkannēskanac: to collect; (hence) to enfoldH3664
21
  1. כִּ֤יkîkiy: (by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below)H3588
  2. כְהַרkĕharhar: a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figuratively)H2022
  3. פְּרָצִים֙pĕrāṣîmpratsiym: breaks; Peratsim, a mountain in IsraelH6559
  4. יָק֣וּםyāqûmquwm: to rise (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative)H6965
  5. יְהוָ֔הyĕhwâYhovah: (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jehovah, Jewish national name of GodH3068
  6. כְּעֵ֖מֶקkĕʿēmeq`emeq: a vale (i.e. broad depression)H6010
  7. בְּגִבְע֣וֹןbĕgibʿônGib`own: hilly; Gibon, a place in IsraelH1391
  8. יִרְגָּ֑זyirgāzragaz: to quiver (with any violent emotion, especially anger or fear)H7264
  9. לַעֲשׂ֤וֹתlaʿăśôt`asah: to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application (as follows)H6213
  10. מַעֲשֵׂ֙הוּ֙maʿăśēhûma`aseh: an action (good or bad); (generally) a transactionH4639
  11. זָ֣רzārzuwr: to turn aside (especially for lodging); hence to be a foreigner, strange, profaneH2114
  12. מַעֲשֵׂ֔הוּmaʿăśēhûma`aseh: an action (good or bad); (generally) a transactionH4639
  13. וְלַֽעֲבֹד֙wĕlaʿăbōd`abad: to work (in any sense); (by implication) to serve, tillH5647
  14. עֲבֹ֣דָת֔וֹʿăbōdātô`abodah: work of any kindH5656
  15. נָכְרִיָּ֖הnokriyyânokriy: strange, in a variety of degrees and applications (foreign, non-relative, adulterous, different, wonderful)H5237
  16. עֲבֹדָתֽוֹ׃ʿăbōdātô`abodah: work of any kindH5656
22
  1. וְעַתָּה֙wĕʿattāh`attah: at this time, whether adverb, conjunction or expletiveH6258
  2. אַלʾalal: (qualified negation) not (used as a deprecative)H408
  3. תִּתְלוֹצָ֔צוּtitlôṣāṣûluwts: (properly) to make mouths at, i.e. to scoffH3887
  4. פֶּֽןpenpen: (properly) removal; used only (in the construction) adverb as conjunction, lestH6435
  5. יֶחְזְק֖וּyeḥzĕqûchazaq: to fasten uponH2388
  6. מֽוֹסְרֵיכֶ֑םmôsĕrêkemmowcer: (properly) chastisement; (by implication) a halterH4147
  7. כִּֽיkîkiy: (by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below)H3588
  8. כָלָ֨הkālâkalah: a completion; adverb, completelyH3617
  9. וְנֶחֱרָצָ֜הwĕneḥĕrāṣâcharats: (properly) to point sharply, i.e. (literally) to woundH2782
  10. שָׁמַ֗עְתִּיšāmaʿtîshama`: to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etcH8085
  11. מֵאֵ֨תmēʾēteth: (properly) self; (generally) used to point out the object of a verb (or preposition) more definitelyH853
  12. אֲדֹנָ֧יʾădōnāyAdonay: the Lord (used as a proper name of God only)H136
  13. יְהוִ֛הyĕhwiYhovah: (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jehovah, Jewish national name of GodH3068
  14. צְבָא֖וֹתṣĕbāʾôttsaba': a mass of persons; (figuratively) a mass of thingsH6635
  15. עַלʿal`al: above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of...H5921
  16. כָּלkālkol: (properly) the whole; (hence) all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)H3605
  17. הָאָֽרֶץ׃hāʾāreṣerets: the earth (at large, or partitively a land)H776
23
  1. הַאֲזִ֥ינוּhaʾăzînûazan: to broaden out the ear (with the hand); (by implication) to listenH238
  2. וְשִׁמְע֖וּwĕšimʿûshama`: to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etcH8085
  3. קוֹלִ֑יqôlîqowl: a voice or soundH6963
  4. הַקְשִׁ֥יבוּhaqšîbûqashab: to prick up the ears, i.e. hearkenH7181
  5. וְשִׁמְע֖וּwĕšimʿûshama`: to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etcH8085
  6. אִמְרָתִֽי׃ʾimrātîimrah: meaning the same as H0561H565
24
  1. הֲכֹ֣לhăkōlkol: (properly) the whole; (hence) all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)H3605
  2. הַיּ֔וֹםhayyômyowm: a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or...H3117
  3. יַחֲרֹ֥שׁyaḥărōšcharash: to scratch; (by implication) to engrave, ploughH2790
  4. הַחֹרֵ֖שׁhaḥōrēšcharash: to scratch; (by implication) to engrave, ploughH2790
  5. לִזְרֹ֑עַlizrōaʿzara`: to sow; (figuratively) to disseminate, plant, fructifyH2232
  6. יְפַתַּ֥חyĕpattaḥpathach: to open wide (literally or figuratively)H6605
  7. וִֽישַׂדֵּ֖דwîśaddēdsadad: to abrade, i.e. harrow a fieldH7702
  8. אַדְמָתֽוֹ׃ʾadmātôadamah: soil (from its general redness)H127
25
  1. הֲלוֹא֙hălôʾlo': (the simple or absolute negation) not; (by implication) noH3808
  2. אִםʾimim: (used very widely as demonstrative) lo!; (interrogatively) whether?H518
  3. שִׁוָּ֣הšiwwâshavah: (properly) to level, i.e. equalize; (figuratively) to resembleH7737
  4. פָנֶ֔יהָpānêhāpaniym: the face (as the part that turns); (with prepositional prefix, as a preposition) before, etc.H6440
  5. וְהֵפִ֥יץwĕhēpîṣpuwts: to dash in pieces, literally or figuratively (especially to disperse)H6327
  6. קֶ֖צַחqeṣaḥqetsach: fennelflower (from its pungency)H7100
  7. וְכַמֹּ֣ןwĕkammōnkammon: "cummin" (from its use as a condiment)H3646
  8. יִזְרֹ֑קyizrōqzaraq: to sprinkle (fluid or solid particles)H2236
  9. וְשָׂ֨םwĕśāmsuwm: to put (used in a great variety of applications, literal, figurative, inferentially, and elliptically)H7760
  10. חִטָּ֤הḥiṭṭâchittah: wheat, whether the grain or the plantH2406
  11. שׂוֹרָה֙śôrāhsowrah: (properly) a ring, i.e. (by analogy) a row (adverbially)H7795
  12. וּשְׂעֹרָ֣הûśĕʿōrâs`orah: barley (as villose)H8184
  13. נִסְמָ֔ןnismāncaman: to designateH5567
  14. וְכֻסֶּ֖מֶתwĕkussemetkuccemeth: spelt (from its bristliness as if just shorn)H3698
  15. גְּבֻלָתֽוֹ׃gĕbulātôgbuwlah: a boundary, regionH1367
26
  1. וְיִסְּר֥וֹwĕyissĕrôyacar: to chastise, literally (with blows) or figuratively (with words)H3256
  2. לַמִּשְׁפָּ֖טlammišpāṭmishpat: (properly) a verdict (favorable or unfavorable) pronounced judicially, especially a sentence or formal decree...H4941
  3. אֱלֹהָ֥יוʾĕlōhāywelohiym: gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the...H430
  4. יוֹרֶֽנּוּ׃yôrennûyarah: (properly) to flow as water; (hence) to rainH3384
27
  1. כִּ֣יkîkiy: (by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below)H3588
  2. לֹ֤אlōʾlo': (the simple or absolute negation) not; (by implication) noH3808
  3. בֶֽחָרוּץ֙beḥārûṣcharuwts: (properly) incised or (active) incisiveH2742
  4. י֣וּדַשׁyûdašduwsh: to trample or threshH1758
  5. קֶ֔צַחqeṣaḥqetsach: fennelflower (from its pungency)H7100
  6. וְאוֹפַ֣ןwĕʾôpanowphan: a wheelH212
  7. עֲגָלָ֔הʿăgālâ`agalah: something revolving, i.e. a wheeled vehicleH5699
  8. עַלʿal`al: above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of...H5921
  9. כַּמֹּ֖ןkammōnkammon: "cummin" (from its use as a condiment)H3646
  10. יוּסָּ֑בyûssābcabab: to revolve, surround, or border; used in various applications, literally and figuratively (as follows)H5437
  11. כִּ֧יkîkiy: (by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below)H3588
  12. בַמַּטֶּ֛הbammaṭṭematteh: a branch (as extending); (figuratively) a tribeH4294
  13. יֵחָ֥בֶטyēḥābeṭchabat: to knock out or offH2251
  14. קֶ֖צַחqeṣaḥqetsach: fennelflower (from its pungency)H7100
  15. וְכַמֹּ֥ןwĕkammōnkammon: "cummin" (from its use as a condiment)H3646
  16. בַּשָּֽׁבֶט׃baššābeṭshebet: a scion, i.e. (literally) a stick (for punishing, writing, fighting, ruling, walking, etc.) or (figuratively) a...H7626
28
  1. לֶ֣חֶםleḥemlechem: food (for man or beast), especially bread, or grain (for making it)H3899
  2. יוּדָ֔קyûdāqdaqaq: to crush (or intransitively) crumbleH1854
  3. כִּ֛יkîkiy: (by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below)H3588
  4. לֹ֥אlōʾlo': (the simple or absolute negation) not; (by implication) noH3808
  5. לָנֶ֖צַחlāneṣaḥnetsach: (properly) a goal, i.e. the bright object at a distance travelled towardsH5331
  6. אָד֣וֹשׁʾādôšadash: to tread out (grain)H156
  7. יְדוּשֶׁ֑נּוּyĕdûšennûduwsh: to trample or threshH1758
  8. וְ֠הָמַםwĕhāmamhamam: (properly) to put in commotion; (by implication) to disturb, drive, destroyH2000
  9. גִּלְגַּ֧לgilgalgilgal: wheelH1536
  10. עֶגְלָת֛וֹʿeglātô`agalah: something revolving, i.e. a wheeled vehicleH5699
  11. וּפָרָשָׁ֖יוûpārāšāywparash: a steed (as stretched out to a vehicle, not single nor for mounting)H6571
  12. לֹ֥אlōʾlo': (the simple or absolute negation) not; (by implication) noH3808
  13. יְדֻקֶּֽנּוּ׃yĕduqqennûdaqaq: to crush (or intransitively) crumbleH1854
29
  1. גַּםgamgam: (properly) assemblage; used only adverbially also, even, yea, thoughH1571
  2. זֹ֕אתzōtzo'th: this (often used adverb)H2063
  3. מֵעִ֛םmēʿim`im: adverb or preposition, with (i.e. in conjunction with), in varied applicationsH5973
  4. יְהוָ֥הyĕhwâYhovah: (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jehovah, Jewish national name of GodH3068
  5. צְבָא֖וֹתṣĕbāʾôttsaba': a mass of persons; (figuratively) a mass of thingsH6635
  6. יָצָ֑אָהyāṣāʾâyatsa': to go out; (causatively) to bring outH3318
  7. הִפְלִ֣אhipliʾpala': (properly, literally or figuratively) perhaps to separate, i.e. distinguishH6381
  8. עֵצָ֔הʿēṣâ`etsah: advice; (by implication) planH6098
  9. הִגְדִּ֖ילhigdîlgadal: (properly) to twist; to be large (in various senses, as in body, mind, estate or honor, also in pride)H1431
  10. תּוּשִׁיָּֽה׃tûšiyyâtuwshiyah: support; (by implication) abilityH8454

View the full Hebrew interlinear for Isaiah 28 →

Strong's words in Isaiah 28 (6)
Strong's H6957 — קַ֥ו (qǎw)
qav (kav) (or qav {kawv}) n-m. 1. a cord (as connecting), especially for measuring 2. (figuratively) a rule 3. (also) a rim, a musical string or accord [from H6960] KJV: line. Root(s): H6960 Compare: H6978, H6961. Appears 9 times in Isaiah 28.
Strong's H6673 — צַ֤ו (ṣǎw)
tsav (tsav) (or tsav {tsawv}) n-m. 1. an injunction [from H6680] KJV: commandment, precept. Root(s): H6680. Appears 8 times in Isaiah 28.
Strong's H3068 — יְהוָ֣ה (yĕhwâ)
Yhovah (yeh-ho-vaw') n/p. 1. (the) self-Existent or Eternal 2. Jehovah, Jewish national name of God [from H1961] KJV: Jehovah, the Lord. Root(s): H1961 Compare: H3050, H3069. Appears 6 times in Isaiah 28.
Strong's H1961 — וְֽהָ֨יְתָ֜ה (wĕhāyĕtâ)
hayah (haw-yaw) v. 1. to exist 2. to be or become 3. to come into being, i.e. to happen, to occur (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary) [a primitive root] KJV: beacon, X altogether, be. Appears 5 times in Isaiah 28.
Strong's H8085 — שְׁמֽוֹעַ׃ (šĕmôaʿ)
shama` (shaw-mah') v. 1. to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc 2. causatively, to tell, etc.) [a primitive root] KJV: X attentively, call (gather) together, X carefully, X certainly, consent, consider, be content, declare, X diligently, discern, give ear, (cause to, let, make to) hear(-ken, tell), X indeed, listen, make (a) noise, (be) obedient, obey, perceive, (make a) proclaim(-ation), publish, regard, report, shew (forth), (make a) sound, X surely, tell, understand, whosoever (heareth), witness.. Appears 5 times in Isaiah 28.
Strong's H2191 — זְעֵ֥יר (zĕʿêr)
ze`eyr (zeh-ayr') n-m. 1. small [from an unused root (akin (by permutation) to H6819), meaning to dwindle] KJV: little. Root(s): H6819. Appears 4 times in Isaiah 28.

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“behold I cast down for the foundations of Zion a stone, precious, elect, a corner-stone, honourable. And he who shall trust in it shall live forever.”

What the Early Church wrote about Isaiah 28 (2)

  • “Of these Isaiah also says, “woe to them that are strong in Jerusalem!””

  • “For do not despair that this “stumbling stone and rock of offense” have meanings so as to fulfill the saying, “And the one who believes will not be put to shame.” Believe first, and you will discover much holy aid beneath the supposed offense.”

    — Origen (3rd century) on Isaiah 28:16

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