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Early Christian writings • Bible passages

What Did Early Christians Say About King Abgar?

Early Christian writings give very little direct teaching about King Abgar. The closest witness is Julius Africanus, who mentions Edessa, while Bible passages about kings sending letters to heal a ruler give helpful background. Most other passages are about kings in general or about Christ as King, so they are only indirect. Because the direct evidence is limited, this page stays cautious.

140 early-church witnesses · 219 source quotations · compared with Scripture

What did early Christians believe about king Abgar?

Early Christian writings here do not give much direct teaching about King Abgar himself. The strongest relevant material is indirect: a few passages in Julius Africanus about Edessa and a preserved object there, plus Bible texts about kings sending letters to heal a sick ruler or seek help, like 2 Kings 5 and 8 and Isaiah 39. Most of the other cards are about kings in general, Christ as King, or unrelated uses of the word king, so they do not support a focused claim about Abgar.

Because there are fewer than two clear early Christian witnesses that directly teach about Abgar, the evidence is thin. Many more early Christian quotations, Bible passages, and source links are gathered below so you can study the evidence for yourself.

Key Takeaways

  • There is little direct early Christian teaching about King Abgar in the supplied material.
  • Julius Africanus is the main early Christian name tied to Edessa in this set.
  • The Bible passages are background for royal letters and healing requests, not direct Abgar statements.

Questions Answered by the Sources

Did early Christians directly teach about King Abgar?

Not much direct teaching about King Abgar appears here. Julius Africanus gives the closest early Christian link by mentioning Edessa, but the line does not clearly explain Abgar himself. Most other cards are about kings in general or about Christ as King, so they are indirect.

  1. Julius Africanus, Extant Writings Direct teaching

    Early Christian Writings · Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #6
    1. The shepherd's tent belonging to Jacob, which was preserved at Edessa to the time of Antonine Emperor of the Romans, was destroyed by a thunderbolt.
    Read in context

Why do people connect Abgar with a letter and a healing request?

The Bible gives the closest background for this kind of story. Kings in 2 Kings and Isaiah send letters or gifts to ask for healing, which matches the general pattern of a royal message asking help from a holy man. That is background only, not a direct statement about Abgar.

  1. 2 Kings 5:6 Background

    Bible Passages
    And he brought the letter to the king of Israel, which read, “When this letter reaches you, know that I have sent to you Naaman my servant, that you may cure him of his leprosy.”
    Read in context
  2. 2 Kings 8:9 Background

    Bible Passages
    So Hazael went to meet him, and took a present with him, even of every good thing of Damascus, forty camels' burden, and came and stood before him, and said, Thy son Benhadad king of Syria hath sent me to thee, saying, Shall I recover of this disease?
    Read in context
  3. 2 Kings 8:8 Background

    Bible Passages
    And the king said to Hazael, Take in thy hand a present, and go to meet the man of God, and inquire of the Lord by him, saying, Shall I recover of this my disease?
    Read in context
  4. 2 Kings 20:12 Background

    Bible Passages
    At that time Berodachbaladan, the son of Baladan, king of Babylon, sent letters and a present unto Hezekiah: for he had heard that Hezekiah had been sick.
    Read in context
  5. 2 Kings 8:7 Background

    Bible Passages
    Then Elisha went to Damascus, and Ben-Hadad king of Syria was sick; and it was told him, saying, “The man of God has come here.”
    Read in context
  6. Isaiah 37:14 Background

    Bible Passages
    Hezekiah received the letter from the hand of the messengers, and read it; and Hezekiah went up to the house of the LORD, and spread it before the LORD.
    Read in context
  7. Luke 7:3 Background

    Bible Passages
    And when he heard of Jesus, he sent unto him the elders of the Jews, beseeching him that he would come and heal his servant.
    Read in context
More related quotations from this section 1 shown
  1. Acts 15:23 Background

    Bible Passages
    And they wrote letters by them after this manner; The apostles and elders and brethren send greeting unto the brethren which are of the Gentiles in Antioch and Syria and Cilicia.
    Read in context

Common Questions

Did early Christians write directly about King Abgar?

Not much in this set. The clearest early Christian reference is Julius Africanus mentioning Edessa, but it does not fully explain Abgar.

Which Bible passages are most relevant as background?

2 Kings 5:5-6, 2 Kings 8:7-9, and Isaiah 39:1 are the closest because they describe kings sending letters or gifts about healing.

Source Index for King Abgar

The guided sections above show the strongest quotations. This compact index highlights 159 ranked source links from 219 compiled sources for deeper study.

Source index 159 ranked links shown

Early Christian Writings 80 shown of 140

Primary-source quotations from early Christian writers and church documents.

  1. Julius Africanus, Extant Writings

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #6
  2. Theophilus of Antioch, To Autolycus

    Primary Text · 2nd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #2
  3. Tertullian, Apology

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #3
  4. Dionysius of Alexandria, Miscellaneous Fragments

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #6
  5. Theophilus of Antioch, To Autolycus

    Primary Text · 2nd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #2
  6. Origen, Commentary on Matthew

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #9
  7. Clement of Alexandria, The Instructor (Paedagogus)

    Primary Text · 2nd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #2
  8. Methodius, Oration on the Psalms

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #6
  9. Arnobius, Against the Heathen

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #6
  10. Tertullian, Scorpiace

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #3
  11. Justin Martyr, The Second Apology

    Primary Text · 2nd c. · Volume 1 - The Apostolic Fathers
  12. Clement of Alexandria, The Instructor (Paedagogus)

    Primary Text · 2nd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #2
  13. Origen, Commentary on Matthew

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #9
  14. Methodius, Oration Concerning Simeon and Anna

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #6
  15. Tatian, The Diatessaron

    Primary Text · 2nd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #9
  16. Clement of Alexandria, The Stromata (Miscellanies)

    Primary Text · 2nd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #2
  17. Origen, Commentary on John

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #9
  18. Cyprian, Epistles

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #5
  19. Irenaeus, Against Heresies: Book I

    Primary Text · 2nd c. · Volume 1 - The Apostolic Fathers
  20. Theophilus of Antioch, To Autolycus

    Primary Text · 2nd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #2
  21. Archelaus, Disputation with Manes

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #6
  22. Tatian, The Diatessaron

    Primary Text · 2nd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #9
  23. Justin Martyr, Dialogue with Trypho

    Primary Text · 2nd c. · Volume 1 - The Apostolic Fathers
  24. Clement of Alexandria, The Stromata (Miscellanies)

    Primary Text · 2nd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #2
  25. Origen, Against Celsus

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #4
  26. Hippolytus, Exegetical Fragments

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #5
  27. Archelaus, Disputation with Manes

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #6
  28. Clement of Alexandria, The Stromata (Miscellanies)

    Primary Text · 2nd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #2
  29. Hippolytus, Exegetical Fragments

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #5
  30. Irenaeus, Against Heresies: Book IV

    Primary Text · 2nd c. · Volume 1 - The Apostolic Fathers
  31. Archelaus, Disputation with Manes

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #6
  32. Hippolytus, Exegetical Fragments

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #5
  33. Archelaus, Disputation with Manes

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #6
  34. Julius Africanus, Extant Writings

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #6
  35. Justin Martyr, Dialogue with Trypho

    Primary Text · 2nd c. · Volume 1 - The Apostolic Fathers
  36. Cyprian, Epistles

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #5
  37. Polycarp, The Martyrdom of Polycarp

    Primary Text · 1st c. · Volume 1 - The Apostolic Fathers
  38. Hippolytus, Exegetical Fragments

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #5
  39. Early Liturgies, Divine Liturgy of St. Mark

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #7
  40. Aristides, The Apology

    Primary Text · 2nd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #9
  41. Tertullian, Against Marcion

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #3
  42. Theophilus of Antioch, To Autolycus

    Primary Text · 2nd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #2
  43. Tatian, The Diatessaron

    Primary Text · 2nd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #9
  44. Justin Martyr, The First Apology

    Primary Text · 2nd c. · Volume 1 - The Apostolic Fathers
  45. Early Liturgies, Divine Liturgy of St. Mark

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #7
  46. Hippolytus, Exegetical Fragments

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #5
  47. Justin Martyr, The Martyrdom of Justin Martyr

    Primary Text · 2nd c. · Volume 1 - The Apostolic Fathers
  48. Hippolytus, Refutation of All Heresies

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #5
  49. Cyprian, Treatises

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #5
  50. Irenaeus, Fragments from the Lost Writings of Irenæus

    Primary Text · 2nd c. · Volume 1 - The Apostolic Fathers
  51. Archelaus, Disputation with Manes

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #6
  52. Tatian, The Diatessaron

    Primary Text · 2nd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #9
  53. Hippolytus, Refutation of All Heresies

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #5
  54. Cyprian, Epistles

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #5
  55. Irenaeus, Against Heresies: Book I

    Primary Text · 2nd c. · Volume 1 - The Apostolic Fathers
  56. Archelaus, Disputation with Manes

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #6
  57. Tertullian, Apology

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #3
  58. Justin Martyr, The First Apology

    Primary Text · 2nd c. · Volume 1 - The Apostolic Fathers
  59. Hippolytus, Refutation of All Heresies

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #5
  60. Tertullian, De Anima (On the Soul)

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #3
  61. Cyprian, Epistles

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #5
  62. Irenaeus, Against Heresies: Book I

    Primary Text · 2nd c. · Volume 1 - The Apostolic Fathers
  63. Tertullian, De Fuga in Persecutione

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #4
  64. Justin Martyr, Dialogue with Trypho

    Primary Text · 2nd c. · Volume 1 - The Apostolic Fathers
  65. Origen, Exhortation to Martyrdom

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #4
  66. Cyprian, Epistles

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #5
  67. Theophilus of Antioch, To Autolycus

    Primary Text · 2nd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #2
  68. Origen, Against Celsus

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #4
  69. Archelaus, Disputation with Manes

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #6
  70. Tatian, Fragments of Tatian

    Primary Text · 2nd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #2
  71. Lactantius, Of the Manner in Which the Persecutors Died

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #7
  72. Cyprian, Epistles

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #5
  73. Julius Africanus, Extant Writings

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #6
  74. Tatian, Address to the Greeks

    Primary Text · 2nd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #2
  75. Tatian, The Diatessaron

    Primary Text · 2nd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #9
  76. Polycarp, The Martyrdom of Polycarp

    Primary Text · 1st c. · Volume 1 - The Apostolic Fathers
  77. Minucius Felix, Octavius

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #4
  78. Cyprian, Epistles

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #5
  79. Lactantius, The Divine Institutes

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #7
  80. Origen, Against Celsus

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #4

Bible Passages 79 included

Related Bible passages saved for comparison with the early Christian quotations.

  1. 2 Kings 5:6

  2. 2 Kings 16:7

  3. Isaiah 39:1

  4. 2 Kings 8:9

  5. 2 Kings 16:10

  6. 2 Kings 5:5

  7. 2 Samuel 3:21

  8. Ecclesiastes 1:10

  9. 2 Maccabees 1:10

  10. 1 Esdras 6:7

  11. Ezra 6:7

  12. 2 Kings 8:8

  13. 2 Kings 16:9

  14. 2 Maccabees 13:4

  15. 2 Maccabees 5:8

  16. Ecclesiastes 5:8

  17. Tobit 1:18

  18. 1 Maccabees 3:27

  19. Proverbs 3:27

  20. 2 Maccabees 13:13

  21. 2 Kings 20:12

  22. Acts 26:27

  23. 2 Kings 8:7

  24. Acts 13:8

  25. Acts 12:1

  26. Acts 25:13

  27. 2 Maccabees 9:19

  28. 2 Maccabees 11:22

  29. 2 Maccabees 11:27

  30. Proverbs 10:25

  31. 1 Maccabees 10:25

  32. 1 Maccabees 13:36

  33. Proverbs 15:22

  34. 1 Maccabees 15:22

  35. Luke 7:2

  36. 1 Esdras 4:29

  37. 1 Kings 4:18

  38. 1 Chronicles 1:43

  39. 2 Samuel 3:33

  40. 1 Kings 1:15

  41. Acts 15:23

  42. Ecclesiastes 9:18

  43. 2 Maccabees 9:18

  44. 2 Maccabees 11:34

  45. 2 Maccabees 13:23

  46. 1 Maccabees 13:35

  47. 1 Maccabees 10:18

  48. Joshua 12:18

  49. Joshua 12:16

  50. Proverbs 10:18

  51. Proverbs 12:20

  52. 1 Maccabees 12:20

  53. 2 Kings 19:37

  54. 1 Kings 14:1

  55. 2 John 1:12

  56. 3 John 1:13

  57. Luke 7:7

  58. Isaiah 37:14

  59. Luke 7:3

  60. Luke 9:9

  61. Luke 23:8

  62. Romans 4:3

  63. Luke 9:7

  64. 1 Maccabees 10:17

  65. Proverbs 10:17

  66. 2 Maccabees 11:16

  67. 2 Maccabees 11:17

  68. Proverbs 11:17

  69. 1 Maccabees 11:17

  70. 1 Maccabees 14:3

  71. Proverbs 14:3

  72. 2 Maccabees 13:24

  73. Acts 23:25

  74. Galatians 6:11

  75. Matthew 8:7

  76. Isaiah 37:38

  77. 1 Chronicles 1:27

  78. Esther 9:9

  79. Genesis 15:6

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