Skip to content
The Historic Faith
Strong's Concordance
Greek Word Study

Strong's G4645 σκληρύνω (skleryno)

Skleryno means “harden” — full meaning, definition, and every linked Bible usage across the indexed canon.

Same number, other testament: Strong's H4645 — miphga (“mark”) in the Hebrew Bible.

Strong's Number G4645
Language Greek
Linked Usages 42
Books 17

Strong's G4645 Quick Answer

Strong's G4645 σκληρύνω (skleruno) is a Greek Strong's word-study entry. skleruno (sklay-roo'-no) v. 1. to indurate 2. (figuratively) render stubborn It has 42 linked Bible usages across 17 books. Visible English usage signals include harden, hardened, and hardeneth. Indexed coverage on this page includes New Testament, Septuagint / Greek Old Testament, and Deuterocanonical / Apocrypha.

Meaning
skleruno (sklay-roo'-no) v. 1. to indurate 2. (figuratively) render stubborn
Usage
42 linked usages
Books
17 indexed books
Corpus
New Testament, Septuagint / Greek Old Testament, and Deuterocanonical / Apocrypha
Usage Words
harden, hardened, and hardeneth

Meaning and Definition

skleruno (sklay-roo'-no) v. 1. to indurate 2. (figuratively) render stubborn [from G4642] KJV: harden Root(s): G4642

Original Word
σκληρύνω
Transliteration
skleruno
Derivation
Root: σκληρός R1: 4642
Morphology
verb

Across Lexicons

How independent scholarly lexicons define Strong's G4645. Each definition is shown with its source so you can compare and cite the original reference works.

Extended Strong's Greek Lexicon (Abbott-Smith based)

to harden

Usage: σκληρύνω (σκληρός), [in LXX chiefly for קָשָׁה hi., also for חָזַק ;] to harden. Metaphorical, to harden, make stubborn: with accusative of person(s), Rom.9:18; T. καρδίας (Psa.95:8), Heb.3:8, 15 4:7. Pass., to become hardened: Act.19:9, Heb.3:13.† (AS)

STEPBible · Tyndale House, Cambridge · CC BY 4.0

How Strong's G4645 Is Translated

The English word each shown verse actually uses to render skleruno, taken from the interlinear word alignment (the same word underlined in the excerpts below). Where a rendering is used more than once, the count is shown.

Harden Hebrews 3:8 hardened Acts 19:9 hardeneth Romans 9:18

How Strong's G4645 Usage Compares

Indexed coverage includes Septuagint / Greek Old Testament, New Testament, and Deuterocanonical / Apocrypha. Each section below keeps corpus counts and sample passages visible so readers can compare the word across contexts instead of reading one flat concordance list.

  • The largest indexed corpus on this page is Septuagint / Greek Old Testament with 33 linked usages.
  • This page lets readers compare New Testament usage with Septuagint / Greek Old Testament usage, which is a key THF advantage over narrower Strong's pages.
  • Deuterocanonical / Apocrypha rows are counted separately so readers can decide how those texts relate to the main word study.

In the Septuagint (LXX)

Strong's G4645 (σκληρύνω) appears 36 times in the Greek Septuagint — the Old Testament the New Testament authors quoted.

Sample Septuagint occurrences:

Read the full Greek Septuagint interlinear with Strong's →

Strong's G4645 by Corpus

Indexed usage grouped by testament and extended corpus so readers can compare this word across the Bible, Septuagint, deuterocanonical books, and 1 Enoch where present.

Strong's G4645 in the New Testament

6 indexed usages in New Testament.

Acts 19:9 KJV

But when divers were hardened, and believed not, but spake evil of that way before the multitude, he departed from them, and separated the disciples, disputing daily in the school of one Tyrannus.

Romans 9:18 KJV

Therefore hath he mercy on whom he will have mercy, and whom he will he hardeneth.

Hebrews 3:8 KJV

Harden not your hearts, as in the provocation, in the day of temptation in the wilderness:

Strong's G4645 in the Septuagint / Greek Old Testament

33 indexed usages in Septuagint / Greek Old Testament.

Genesis 49:7 Septuagint / Brenton

Cursed be their wrath, for it was willful, And their anger, for it was cruel: I will divide them in Jacob, And scatter them in Israel.

Exodus 4:21 Septuagint / Brenton

And the Lord said to Moses, When thou goest and returnest to Egypt, see—all the miracles I have charged thee with, thou shalt work before Pharaoh: and I will harden his heart, and he shall certainly not send away the people.

Exodus 7:3 Septuagint / Brenton

And I will harden the heart of Pharaoh, and I will multiply my signs and wonders in the land of Egypt.

Strong's G4645 in the deuterocanonical books / Apocrypha

3 indexed usages in Deuterocanonical / Apocrypha.

1 Esdras 1:46 Septuagint / Brenton

And made Zedekiah king of Judea and Jerusalem, when he was one and twenty years old; and he reigned eleven years:

1 Maccabees 2:30 Septuagint / Brenton

both they and their children, and their wives, and their cattle; because afflictions increased sore upon them.

Wisdom of Sirach 30:12 Septuagint / Brenton

Beat his sides while he is still young, Lest becoming stubborn, he disobey thee.

Usage Excerpts

First 42 linked usage excerpts for Strong's G4645.

Genesis 49:7 Septuagint / Greek Old Testament, Septuagint / Brenton
Cursed be their wrath, for it was willful, And their anger, for it was cruel: I will divide them in Jacob, And scatter them in Israel.
Exodus 4:21 Septuagint / Greek Old Testament, Septuagint / Brenton
And the Lord said to Moses, When thou goest and returnest to Egypt, see—all the miracles I have charged thee with, thou shalt work before Pharaoh: and I will harden his heart, and he shall certainly not send away the people.
Exodus 7:3 Septuagint / Greek Old Testament, Septuagint / Brenton
And I will harden the heart of Pharaoh, and I will multiply my signs and wonders in the land of Egypt.
Exodus 7:22 Septuagint / Greek Old Testament, Septuagint / Brenton
And the charmers also of the Egyptians did so with their sorceries; and the heart of Pharaoh was hardened, and he did not hearken to them, even as the Lord said.
Exodus 8:15 Septuagint / Greek Old Testament, Septuagint / Brenton
So the charmers said to Pharaoh, This is the finger of God. But the heart of Pharaoh was hardened, and he hearkened not to them, as the Lord said.
Exodus 9:12 Septuagint / Greek Old Testament, Septuagint / Brenton
And the Lord hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he hearkened not to them, as the Lord appointed.
Exodus 9:35 Septuagint / Greek Old Testament, Septuagint / Brenton
And the heart of Pharaoh was hardened, and he did not send forth the children of Israel, as the Lord said to Moses.
Exodus 10:1 Septuagint / Greek Old Testament, Septuagint / Brenton
And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying, Go in to Pharaoh: for I have hardened his heart and the heart of his servants, that these signs may come upon them; in order
Exodus 10:20 Septuagint / Greek Old Testament, Septuagint / Brenton
And the Lord hardened the heart of Pharaoh, and he did not send away the children of Israel.
Exodus 10:27 Septuagint / Greek Old Testament, Septuagint / Brenton
But the Lord hardened the heart of Pharaoh, and he would not let them go.
Exodus 11:10 Septuagint / Greek Old Testament, Septuagint / Brenton
And Moses and Aaron wrought all these signs and wonders in the land of Egypt before Pharaoh; and the Lord hardened the heart of Pharaoh, and he did not hearken to send forth the children of Israel out of the land of Egypt.
Exodus 13:15 Septuagint / Greek Old Testament, Septuagint / Brenton
And when Pharaoh hardened his heart so as not to send us away, he slew every firstborn in the land of Egypt, both the firstborn of man and the firstborn of beast; therefore do I sacrifice every offspring that opens the womb, the males to the Lord, and every firstborn of my sons I will redeem.
Exodus 14:4 Septuagint / Greek Old Testament, Septuagint / Brenton
And I will harden the heart of Pharaoh, and he shall pursue after them; and I will be glorified in Pharaoh, and in all his host, and all the Egyptians shall know that I am the Lord. And they did so.
Exodus 14:8 Septuagint / Greek Old Testament, Septuagint / Brenton
And the Lord hardened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and of his servants, and he pursued after the children of Israel; and the children of Israel went forth with a high hand.
Exodus 14:17 Septuagint / Greek Old Testament, Septuagint / Brenton
And lo! I will harden the heart of Pharaoh and of all the Egyptians, and they shall go in after them; and I will be glorified upon Pharaoh, and on all his host, and on his chariots and his horses.
Deuteronomy 2:30 Septuagint / Greek Old Testament, Septuagint / Brenton
And Sihon king of Heshbon would not that we should pass by him, because the Lord our God hardened his spirit, and made his heart stubborn, that he might be delivered into thy hands, as on this day.
Deuteronomy 10:16 Septuagint / Greek Old Testament, Septuagint / Brenton
Therefore ye shall circumcise the hardness of your heart, and ye shall not harden your neck.
Judges 4:24 Septuagint / Greek Old Testament, Septuagint / Brenton
And the hand of the children of Israel prevailed more and more against Jabin king of Canaan, until they utterly destroyed Jabin king of Canaan.
2 Kingdoms 19:44 Septuagint / Greek Old Testament, Septuagint / Brenton
And the men of Israel answered the men of Judah, and said, We have ten parts in the king, and we are older than you, we have also an interest in David above you: and why have ye thus insulted us, and why was not our advice taken before that of Judah, to bring back our king? And the speech of the men of Judah was sharper than the speech of the men of Israel.
4 Kingdoms 2:10 Septuagint / Greek Old Testament, Septuagint / Brenton
And Elijah said, Thou hast asked a hard thing: if thou shalt see me when I am taken up from thee, then shall it be so to thee; and if not, it shall not be so.
4 Kingdoms 17:14 Septuagint / Greek Old Testament, Septuagint / Brenton
But they hearkened not, and made their neck harder than the neck of their fathers.
2 Chronicles 10:4 Septuagint / Greek Old Testament, Septuagint / Brenton
Thy father made our yoke grievous: now then abate somewhat of thy father’s grievous rule, and of his heavy yoke which he put upon us, and we will serve thee.
2 Chronicles 30:8 Septuagint / Greek Old Testament, Septuagint / Brenton
And now harden not your hearts, as your fathers did: give glory to the Lord God, and enter into his sanctuary, which he has sanctified forever: and serve the Lord your God, and he shall turn away his fierce anger from you.
2 Chronicles 36:13 Septuagint / Greek Old Testament, Septuagint / Brenton
not to do: but he stiffened his neck, and hardened his heart, so as not to return to the Lord God of Israel.
Nehemiah 9:16 Septuagint / Greek Old Testament, Septuagint / Brenton
But they and our fathers dealt proudly, and hardened their necks, and hearkened not to thy commandments,
Nehemiah 9:17 Septuagint / Greek Old Testament, Septuagint / Brenton
And refused to obey, neither were mindful of thy wonders that thou didst among them; but hardened their necks, and in their rebellion appointed a captain to return to their bondage: but thou art a God ready to pardon, gracious and merciful, slow to anger, and of great kindness, and forsookest them not.
Nehemiah 9:29 Septuagint / Greek Old Testament, Septuagint / Brenton
And testifiedst against them, that thou mightest bring them again unto thy law: yet they dealt proudly, and hearkened not unto thy commandments, but sinned against thy judgments, (which if a man do, he shall live in them;) and withdrew the shoulder, and hardened their neck, and would not hear.
Psalms 89:6 Septuagint / Greek Old Testament, Septuagint / Brenton
In the morning let it flower, and pass away: In the evening let it droop, let it be withered and dried up.
Psalms 94:8 Septuagint / Greek Old Testament, Septuagint / Brenton
Today, if ye will hear his voice, Harden not your hearts, as in the provocation, According to the day of irritation in the wilderness:
Isaiah 63:17 Septuagint / Greek Old Testament, Septuagint / Brenton
Why hast thou caused us to err, O Lord, from thy way? and hast hardened our hearts, that we should not fear thee? Return for thy servants’ sake, for the sake of the tribes of thine inheritance,
Jeremiah 7:26 Septuagint / Greek Old Testament, Septuagint / Brenton
but they hearkened not to me, and their ear gave no heed; and they made their neck harder than their fathers.
Jeremiah 17:23 Septuagint / Greek Old Testament, Septuagint / Brenton
But they hearkened not, and inclined not their ear, but stiffened their neck more than their fathers did, so as not to hear me, and not to receive correction.
Jeremiah 19:15 Septuagint / Greek Old Testament, Septuagint / Brenton
Behold, I bring upon this city, and upon all the cities belonging to it, and upon the villages of it, all the evils which I have spoken against it, because they have hardened their neck, that they might not hearken to my commands.
Acts 19:9 New Testament, KJV
But when divers were hardened, and believed not, but spake evil of that way before the multitude, he departed from them, and separated the disciples, disputing daily in the school of one Tyrannus.
Romans 9:18 New Testament, KJV
Therefore hath he mercy on whom he will have mercy, and whom he will he hardeneth.
Hebrews 3:8 New Testament, KJV
Harden not your hearts, as in the provocation, in the day of temptation in the wilderness:
Hebrews 3:13 New Testament, KJV
But exhort one another daily, while it is called To day; lest any of you be hardened through the deceitfulness of sin.
Hebrews 3:15 New Testament, KJV
While it is said, To day if ye will hear his voice, harden not your hearts, as in the provocation.
Hebrews 4:7 New Testament, KJV
Again, he limiteth a certain day, saying in David, To day, after so long a time; as it is said, To day if ye will hear his voice, harden not your hearts.
1 Esdras 1:46 Deuterocanonical / Apocrypha, Septuagint / Brenton
And made Zedekiah king of Judea and Jerusalem, when he was one and twenty years old; and he reigned eleven years:
1 Maccabees 2:30 Deuterocanonical / Apocrypha, Septuagint / Brenton
both they and their children, and their wives, and their cattle; because afflictions increased sore upon them.
Wisdom of Sirach 30:12 Deuterocanonical / Apocrypha, Septuagint / Brenton
Beat his sides while he is still young, Lest becoming stubborn, he disobey thee.

All Indexed Usage Links

Every indexed verse link for Strong's G4645, grouped by book.

Genesis 1 usage, Septuagint / Greek Old Testament
Exodus 14 usages, Septuagint / Greek Old Testament
Deuteronomy 2 usages, Septuagint / Greek Old Testament
Judges 1 usage, Septuagint / Greek Old Testament
2 Kingdoms 1 usage, Septuagint / Greek Old Testament
4 Kingdoms 2 usages, Septuagint / Greek Old Testament
2 Chronicles 3 usages, Septuagint / Greek Old Testament
Nehemiah 3 usages, Septuagint / Greek Old Testament
Psalms 2 usages, Septuagint / Greek Old Testament
Isaiah 1 usage, Septuagint / Greek Old Testament
Jeremiah 3 usages, Septuagint / Greek Old Testament
Acts 1 usage, New Testament
Romans 1 usage, New Testament
Hebrews 4 usages, New Testament
1 Esdras 1 usage, Deuterocanonical / Apocrypha
1 Maccabees 1 usage, Deuterocanonical / Apocrypha
Wisdom of Sirach 1 usage, Deuterocanonical / Apocrypha

Strong's G4645 FAQ

What does skleryno (σκληρύνω) mean?

Skleryno (Strong's G4645) is a Greek word most simply glossed "harden". skleruno (sklay-roo'-no) v. 1. to indurate 2. (figuratively) render stubborn

How many times is skleryno (σκληρύνω) used in the Bible?

This page currently indexes 42 linked usages for Strong's G4645 across 17 books.

Where can I study skleryno (σκληρύνω) in context?

Use the linked verse references on this page to study Strong's G4645 in context. The indexed coverage includes New Testament, Septuagint / Greek Old Testament, and Deuterocanonical / Apocrypha.

What English words translate skleryno (σκληρύνω)?

The visible usage excerpts most often surface English words such as harden, hardened, and hardeneth. These are scanning signals from the displayed verses, not replacements for the original-language definition.

Does Strong's G4645 appear in the Septuagint or deuterocanonical books?

Yes. The current local index includes 33 in Septuagint / Greek Old Testament and 3 in Deuterocanonical / Apocrypha for Strong's G4645, with linked reader references where each row is available.