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Scripture Topic Guide

Bible Verses About The Keys Of The Kingdom And Church Authority

Early Christian writers tied the keys of the kingdom to Peter and also used that saying to explain church authority, especially in the hands of bishops. Cyprian and Tertullian read Matthew 16 as a real grant of keys and binding power, while Origen treated the saying more cautiously, asking whether the promise belonged to Peter alone or also to others. The Bible passage most directly behind the discussion is Matthew 16:19, with Matthew 18:18 also used for binding and loosing language.

The evidence is broad across the third century, but it is mixed on whether the keys belong only to Peter or also to the wider Church and its leaders.

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Key Passages

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How to Study The Keys Of The Kingdom And Church Authority

A tighter path from the primary text into context and application.

Start with the clearest command or anchor text Read the primary passage in context before building doctrine from supporting references.
Trace the apostolic pattern Compare how the apostles preached, practiced, warned, and applied this topic in the churches.
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Scripture Map

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23 references

Foundation Texts

And I will give unto thee the keys of the kingdom of heaven: and whatsoever thou shalt bind on earth shall be bound in heaven: and whatsoever thou shalt loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven.

Main Bible passage for the topic

Supporting Passages

Verily I say unto you, Whatsoever ye shall bind on earth shall be bound in heaven: and whatsoever ye shall loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven.

Direct Bible passage often paired with authority language

Whose soever sins ye remit, they are remitted unto them; and whose soever sins ye retain, they are retained.

Related Bible text on remitting and retaining sins

And to have power to heal sicknesses, and to cast out devils:

Scripture passage attached to the early Christian evidence page.

But that ye may know that the Son of man hath power on earth to forgive sins, (then saith he to the sick of the palsy,) Arise, take up thy bed, and go unto thine house.

Scripture passage attached to the early Christian evidence page.

And when he had called unto him his twelve disciples, he gave them power against unclean spirits, to cast them out, and to heal all manner of sickness and all manner of disease.

Scripture passage attached to the early Christian evidence page.

And here he hath authority from the chief priests to bind all that call on thy name.

Scripture passage attached to the early Christian evidence page.

But that ye may know that the Son of man hath power upon earth to forgive sins, (he said unto the sick of the palsy,) I say unto thee, Arise, and take up thy couch, and go into thine house.

Scripture passage attached to the early Christian evidence page.

But that ye may know that the Son of man hath power on earth to forgive sins, (he saith to the sick of the palsy,)

Scripture passage attached to the early Christian evidence page.

And I say also unto thee, That thou art Peter, and upon this rock I will build my church; and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it.

Direct Bible parallel for Matthew 16:18

And they were all amazed, and spake among themselves, saying, What a word is this! for with authority and power he commandeth the unclean spirits, and they come out.

Scripture passage attached to the early Christian evidence page.

These have power to shut heaven, that it rain not in the days of their prophecy: and have power over waters to turn them to blood, and to smite the earth with all plagues, as often as they will.

Scripture passage attached to the early Christian evidence page.

And when he was come into the temple, the chief priests and the elders of the people came unto him as he was teaching, and said, By what authority doest thou these things? and who gave thee this authority?

Scripture passage attached to the early Christian evidence page.

And Jesus came and spake unto them, saying, All power is given unto me in heaven and in earth.

Scripture passage attached to the early Christian evidence page.

And the key of the house of David will I lay upon his shoulder; so he shall open, and none shall shut; and he shall shut, and none shall open.

Old Testament background for the key image

And they were all amazed, insomuch that they questioned among themselves, saying, What thing is this? what new doctrine is this? for with authority commandeth he even the unclean spirits, and they do obey him.

Scripture passage attached to the early Christian evidence page.

And they were astonished at his doctrine: for his word was with power.

Scripture passage attached to the early Christian evidence page.

And spake unto him, saying, Tell us, by what authority doest thou these things? or who is he that gave thee this authority?

Scripture passage attached to the early Christian evidence page.

And I appoint unto you a kingdom, as my Father hath appointed unto me;

Scripture passage attached to the early Christian evidence page.

And the devil said unto him, All this power will I give thee, and the glory of them: for that is delivered unto me; and to whomsoever I will I give it.

Scripture passage attached to the early Christian evidence page.

And to the angel of the church in Philadelphia write; These things saith he that is holy, he that is true, he that hath the key of David, he that openeth, and no man shutteth; and shutteth, and no man openeth;

Scripture passage attached to the early Christian evidence page.

And I saw an angel come down from heaven, having the key of the bottomless pit and a great chain in his hand.

Scripture passage attached to the early Christian evidence page.

But if I tarry long, that thou mayest know how thou oughtest to behave thyself in the house of God, which is the church of the living God, the pillar and ground of the truth.

Scripture passage attached to the early Christian evidence page.