Hi Java,
Our house church has been going over the very same topics recently. Other verses and passages that are applicable are:
Matthew 5:42 "Give to the one who begs from you, and do not refuse the one who would borrow from you."
Matthew 6:19-21 "Do not lay up for yourselves treasures on earth, where moth and rust destroy and where thieves break in and steal, but lay up for yourselves treasures in heaven, where neither moth nor rust destroys and where thieves do not break in and steal. For where your treasure is, there your heart will be also."
Matthew 25:31-46 (At the final judgement, Jesus will send those to hell who did not take care of the hungry, thirsty, strangers, naked, sick or imprisoned, while those who did take care of the aforementioned groups will receive the Kingdom.)
Some takeaways I have, and rebuttals for common arguments:
1) I am obligated to give when someone asks. I may not give or be able to give them exactly what they ask for, but I am obligated to give something. For example, if I see someone with a sign asking for help by the side of the road, I can give money, food, a water bottle, a fresh pair of socks, but I cannot ignore them.
Common argument against this: "I don't want to 'enable' someone who is a drug addict or something like that"
Rebuttal: I would rather be known as over-generous than not generous. From what I can see in the scriptures, there are only consequences for not being generous, not ever for being too generous. Jesus himself healed Ten Lepers, and yet only one returned to praise God (Luke 17:11-19). He enabled nine. As I stated above, I do not believe that we can or should give everyone exactly what they ask for, so in some situations it may be wiser to give someone food or a ride to the salvation army than giving them cash.
2) I need to lay aside treasure in heaven, so I need to give very generously to those who are in the Matthew 25 categories. If I do not live around them physically, I need to give to charities. One thing I am sure of is if I am saving up more for myself and my family here on earth than I am saving up in heaven (in $ amounts), then my heart is here in my earthly treasures. I must give more to God than I am saving for me (retirement, building wealth through assets, savings accounts etc.)
Common argument against this: "I need to be 'wise' with my finances and prepare for the future"
Rebuttal: Since when is the money in "my" account and in "my" paycheck mine? Luke 16:1-13 shows that we are stewards of God's money, who will be praised by God if we give it away and are faithful with unrighteous wealth. Luke 12:13-21 shows clearly that laying up treasure for myself is foolish.
I have a feeling that my takeaway #2 may not be faithful enough, but that is how I live now.
Books I would recommend are "Through the Eye of a Needle" by Roger Hertzler and "Rich Christians in an Age of Hunger" by Ronald Sider.