On the Resurrection, Fragments
Chapter 3: If the members increase, are they obliged to perform the same functions as before?
They argue that if the body will rise whole and with all its parts, it must follow that these parts will also function; that the womb shall become pregnant, the male will perform his reproductive role, and the other parts will function similarly. Let this argument stand or fall based on this claim alone. If this claim is proven false, their whole objection is invalid. It is clear that the parts that serve functions in our current life don't necessarily perform the same functions from the start.
To clarify, consider this: the womb's function is to become pregnant, and the male’s role is to cause pregnancy.
However, having these parts doesn't mean they must always perform these functions immediately (as many women remain childless, like those who are barren, yet have wombs), so pregnancy isn't a necessary consequence of having a womb. Both barren and fertile women can abstain from sexual relations, some from birth and others later in life. Men also remain virgins, some from birth and others later on, thus preventing marriage corrupted by lust.
Some animals with wombs don't bear offspring either, such as mules; male mules don’t father offspring. So, both in humans and animals, sexual relations can cease even before the afterlife. Our Lord Jesus Christ was born of a virgin to end procreation driven by wrongful desire and to show the ruler that forming man was possible for God without human intervention. After His birth, He conformed to other human conditions—like eating, drinking, and wearing clothes—but not to fulfilling sexual functions.
Regarding fleshly desires, He accepted some as necessary but did not indulge in those unnecessary. Without food, drink, or clothing, the flesh perishes, but it doesn't suffer from the absence of wrongful desire. He also foretold that, in the afterlife, sexual intercourse will cease; as He said, “The children of this world marry and are given in marriage; but the children of the next world neither marry nor are given in marriage but are like the angels in heaven.” Unbelievers shouldn't be surprised if, in the afterlife, He ends the actions of our flesh that are already abolished in this life.