Dialogue with Trypho

by Justin Martyr

Chapters

1. Chapter 1: Introduction

2. Chapter 2: Justin Describes His Studies in Philosophy.

3. Chapter 3: Justin Describes How He Converted.

4. Chapter 4: The Soul Cannot See God by Itself

5. Chapter 5: The Soul is not Naturally Immortal.

6. Chapter 6: Plato and Other Philosophers Were Unaware of These Things

7. Chapter 7: The Only Source of Truth is the Prophets

8. Chapter 8: Justin is Ignited with Love for Christ Through His Conversation.

9. Chapter 9: The Christians have not believed baseless stories.

10. Chapter 10: Trypho Criticizes Christians Only for This - Not Following the Law.

11. Chapter 11: The Law Overturned; The New Testament Promised and Delivered by God.

12. Chapter 12: The Jews Break the Eternal Law and Misinterpret That of Moses.

13. Chapter 13: Isaiah Teaches That Sins are Forgiven Through Christ's Blood.

14. Chapter 14: - Righteousness is not found in Jewish rites, but in the transformation of the heart given in baptism by Christ.

15. Chapter 15: What True Fasting Consists Of

16. Chapter 16: Circumcision was Provided as a Symbol, for the Jews to be Exiled due to their Harmful Actions towards Christ and the Christians.

17. Chapter 17: The Jews sent people across the entire world to spread slander about Christians.

18. Chapter 18: Christians Would Follow the Law, If They Didn't Understand Its Purpose.

19. Chapter 19: Circumcision was not known before Abraham. The law was introduced by Moses due to their stubbornness.

20. Chapter 20: Why specific meats were recommended.

21. Chapter 21: Sabbaths Were Established Due to People's Sins, Not as an Act of Righteousness.

22. Chapter 22: The Same Applies to Sacrifices and Offerings.

23. Chapter 23: How the Jewish Interpretation of the Law Offends God

24. Chapter 24: The Superiority of Christian Circumcision

25. Chapter 25: The Jews' Empty Pride in Being Descendants of Abraham

26. Chapter 26: No Salvation for the Jews Except Through Christ.

27. Chapter 27: Why God Taught the Same Things Through the Prophets as Through Moses.

28. Chapter 28: True Righteousness is Achieved Through Christ.

29. Chapter 29:—Christ is Insignificant to Those Who Follow the Law.

30. Chapter 30: Christians Possess True Righteousness

31. Chapter 31: If Christ's Power is so Great Now, How Much Greater Will It Be at the Second Coming!

32. Chapter 32: Trypho Argues that Daniel Describes Christ as Glorious, Justin Differentiates Two Arrivals.

33. Chapter 33:—Ps. 110: Does not Refer to Hezekiah. It Proves That Christ was First Humble, Then Will Be Glorious.

34. Chapter 34: Psalm 72 Does Not Apply to Solomon, Whose Failures Make Christians Tremble.

35. Chapter 35: Heretics Strengthen the Faith of Catholics.

36. Chapter 36: He Proves that Christ is Called Lord of Hosts.

37. Chapter 37: The Same is Proven from Other Psalms.

38. Chapter 38: The Jew is bothered by the claim that Christ is worshipped. Nevertheless, Justin validates it using Psalm 45.

39. Chapter 39: The Hostility of Jews Towards Christians Who Hold These Beliefs and the Significant Differences Between the Two.

40. Chapter 40: He Returns to the Biblical (Mosaic) Laws and Demonstrates that They Symbolize Aspects Related to Christ.

41. Chapter 41: The Offering of Fine Flour was a Symbol of the Eucharist.

42. Chapter 42: The bells on the priest's robe symbolized the apostles.

43. Chapter 43: He Concludes that the Law Concluded with Christ, Who was Born from the Virgin.

44. Chapter 44: The Jews Falsely Assure Themselves of Salvation, Which Can Only be Achieved Through Christ.

45. Chapter 45: Those who were virtuous before and during the law will be saved by Christ.

46. Chapter 46:—Trypho questions if a person who still follows the law will be saved. Justin shows that it does not contribute to righteousness.

47. Chapter 47: Justin Communicates with Christians Who Follow the Law. Quite a Few Catholics Do Not.

48. Chapter 48: Before Proving Christ's Divinity, Trypho Requests Confirmation that He is the Christ.

49. Chapter 49: Addressing Those Who Argue that Elijah Has Not Yet Arrived, Explaining He is the Forerunner of the First Coming.

50. Chapter 50: It is proven from Isaiah that John is the forerunner of Christ.

51. Chapter 51: Proof that this Prophecy has been Fulfilled.

52. Chapter 52: Jacob Predicted Two Comings of Christ.

53. Chapter 53: Jacob Predicted That Christ Would Ride on a Donkey, and Zechariah Confirmed It.

54. Chapter 54: What the Grape's Blood Signifies.

55. Chapter 55: Trypho Requests Proof of Christ Being God, Without Using Metaphors, and Justin Promises to Provide It.

56. Chapter 56: The God Who Appeared to Moses is Different from God the Father.

57. Chapter 57: The Jew Questions - Why is He Said to Have Eaten if He is God? Justin's Response.

58. Chapter 58: The same is proven from the visions that appeared to Jacob.

59. Chapter 59: God, separate from the Father, conversed with Moses.

60. Chapter 60: Jewish Views on the One Who Appeared in the Bush.

61. Chapter 61 - Wisdom is Produced by the Father, Like Fire from Fire.

62. Chapter 62: The phrase "Let Us create humanity" aligns with the teachings of Proverbs.

63. Chapter 63: It is proven that this God was incarnated.

64. Chapter 64: Justin Provides Additional Evidence to the Jew, Who Denies Needing This Christ.

65. Chapter 65: The Jew Argues that God Doesn't Share His Glory with Anyone. Justin Clarifies the Scripture.

66. Chapter 66: He Proves from Isaiah that God was Born from a Virgin.

67. Chapter 67: Trypho Compares Jesus with Perseus; He Would Rather Say That Jesus Was Chosen to be Christ Because of His Observance of the Law. Justin Discusses the Law in Its Former Context.

68. Chapter 68: He Complains About Trypho's Stubbornness; He Responds to His Objection; He Accuses the Jews of Dishonesty.

69. Chapter 69: The devil, imitating the truth, has created stories about Bacchus, Hercules, and Aesculapius.

70. Chapter 70: The Mysteries of Mithras are also Distortions of the Prophecies from Daniel and Isaiah.

71. Chapter 71: The Jews Dismiss the Interpretation of the 70 and Have Removed Some Sections from It

72. Chapter 72: Passages Have Been Removed by the Jews from Esdras and Jeremiah.

73. Chapter 73: "From the wood" has been removed from Psalm 96:

74. Chapter 74: The start of Psalm 96 is attributed to the Father by Trypho, but it refers to Christ with the words: "Declare his glory among the nations, the Lord," and so on.

75. Chapter 75: Proof that Jesus was God's Name in the Book of Exodus.

76. Chapter 76: Proving the Same Majesty and Governance of Christ from Other Passages

77. Chapter 77: He Comes Back to Explain Isaiah's Prophecy.

78. Chapter 78: He Demonstrates that this Prophecy Aligns Only with Christ, Based on the Following Writings.

79. Chapter 79: He proves to Trypho that the evil angels have rebelled against God.

80. Chapter 80: Justin's Views on the Thousand-Year Reign and Its Rejection by Many Catholics.

81. Chapter 81: He Tries to Substantiate this View from Isaiah and the Apocalypse.

82. Chapter 82: The Prophetic Abilities of the Jews were Passed on to the Christians.

83. Chapter 83: Proof that the Psalm, "The Lord said to My Lord," etc., does not apply to Hezekiah.

84. Chapter 84: The Prophecy, "Behold, a Virgin," etc., Only Applies to Christ.

85. Chapter 85: He Proves that Christ is the Lord of Hosts from Psalm 24, and from His Authority Over Demons.

86. Chapter 86: Various symbols in the Old Testament represent the cross through which Christ reigned.

87. Chapter 87: Trypho Challenges These Words: "And Shall Rest on Him," etc. Justin Provides an Explanation.

88. Chapter 88: Christ Did Not Receive the Holy Spirit Because of Poverty.

89. Chapter 89: The Cross is the Only Thing That Offends Trypho Because of the Curse, But It Proves That Jesus is the Messiah.

90. Chapter 90: The Extended Hands of Moses Represented the Cross Ahead of Time

91. Chapter 91: The Cross was Predicted in Joseph's Blessings, and in the Serpent that was Raised Up.

92. Chapter 92: Unless the scriptures are understood through God's abundant grace, it won't seem like God has always taught the same righteousness.

93. Chapter 93: The same type of righteousness is given to everyone. Christ summarizes it in two commandments.

94. Chapter 94: The Meaning of Being Cursed for Hanging on a Tree

95. Chapter 95: Christ Accepted the Curse Meant for Us

96. Chapter 96:—That curse was a prediction of the actions the Jews would take.

97. Chapter 97: Other Prophecies About Christ's Cross

98. Chapter 98: Predictions of Christ in Psalm 22

99. Chapter 99: The Beginning of the Psalm Contains Christ's Dying Words.

100. Chapter 100: The Meaning of Christ Being Referred to as Jacob, Israel, and Son of Man.

101. Chapter 101: Christ Attributes All Things to the Father

102. Chapter 102: The Prophecy of the Events that Occurred at Christ's Birth and Why God Allowed it.

103. Chapter 103: The Pharisees are Represented by the Bulls: The Roaring Lion Symbolizes Herod or the Devil.

104. Chapter 104: The Details of Christ's Death are Predicted in this Psalm.

105. Chapter 105: The Psalm also Foretells the Crucifixion and the Topic of Christ's Final Prayers on Earth.

106. Chapter 106: Christ's Resurrection is Predicted at the End of the Psalm.

107. Chapter 107: The same is taught from the history of Jonah.

108. Chapter 108: The Resurrection of Christ did not Convert the Jews. Instead, They Sent People Around the World to Accuse Him.

109. Chapter 109: Micah Predicted the Conversion of the Gentiles

110. Chapter 110: A Part of the Prophecy Already Fulfilled by Christians: The Remainder Will Be Fulfilled at the Second Coming.

111. Chapter 111: The two arrivals were symbolified by the two goats. Other symbols of the first arrival, in which the Gentiles are liberated by the blood of Christ.

112. Chapter 112: The Jews Interpret these Symbols in a Superficial and Weak Manner, Only Focusing their Attention on Trivial Issues.

113. Chapter 113: Joshua as a Symbol of Christ.

114. Chapter 114: Some Guidelines for Understanding Christ’s Teachings. The Jewish Circumcision Practice Greatly Differs from the Christian Baptism Ritual.

115. Chapter 115: Prophecy about Christians in Zechariah. The Malicious Approach Jews Have in Debates.

116. Chapter 116: Demonstrating How this Prophecy Applies to Christians.

117. Chapter 117: Malachi's Prophecy About the Sacrifices of Christians. It Cannot be Interpreted as Referring to the Prayers of Dispersed Jews.

118. Chapter 118: He Urges for Repentance Before Christ's Arrival; In Whom Christians, as Believers, are Much More Devout than Jews.

119. Chapter 119: Christians are the Sacred People Promised to Abraham. They Have Been Summoned like Abraham.

120. Chapter 120: Christians were Promised to Isaac, Jacob, and Judah.

121. Chapter 121: The Belief in Jesus by Gentiles Proves That He is the Messiah.

122. Chapter 122: The Jews Misinterpret This as Referring to the Proselytes Without Justification.

123. Chapter 123: Absurd Interpretations of the Jews. Christians are the True Israel.

124. Chapter 124: Christians are God's Children.

125. Chapter 125: He Explains the Significance of the Word Israel, and How it Relates to Christ.

126. Chapter 126: The Different Names of Christ According to Both His Natures. It Demonstrates that He is God, and Appeared to the Patriarchs.

127. Chapter 127: These Scripture Verses Do Not Refer to the Father, But to the Word.

128. Chapter 128: The Word is Delivered not as a Lifeless Force, but as a Person Born of the Father's Essence.

129. Chapter 129: This is Confirmed by Other Passages of Scripture.

130. Chapter 130: He Returns to Discussing the Conversion of Non-Jews, and Demonstrates that it was Predicted.

131. Chapter 131: The Greater Faithfulness to God of Gentiles Converted to Christ Compared to Jews.

132. Chapter 132: The Significant Power of Jesus' Name in the Old Testament

133. Chapter 133: The Insensitivity of the Jews, for Whom the Christians Pray.

134. Chapter 134: Jacob's Marriages Represent the Church.

135. Chapter 135: Christ is the King of Israel, and Christians are the Israelite Race.

136. Chapter 136: The Jews, by Denying Christ, Denied God Who Sent Him.

137. Chapter 137: - He Urges the Jews to Convert.

138. Chapter 138: Noah is a Symbol of Christ, who has Rejuvenated us through Water, Faith, and Wood: [i.e., the Cross.]

139. Chapter 139: The Blessings and Curses Predicted by Noah were Prophesies of the Future

140. Chapter 140: All are Free in Christ. The Jews' Hope for Salvation is in Vain Because They are Descendants of Abraham.

141. Chapter 141: Free Will in Humans and Angels.

142. Chapter 142: The Jews Express Gratitude and Depart from Justin.

🎧 Dialogue with Trypho

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Chapter 90: The Extended Hands of Moses Represented the Cross Ahead of Time

"Lead us on, then," said [Trypho], "with the Scriptures, so we might also be persuaded by you; for we know that He should suffer and be led like a sheep. But show us whether He must be crucified and die in such a disgraceful and dishonorable way, by a death cursed in the law. For we cannot bring ourselves even to consider this."

"You know," I said, "that the prophets expressed their messages through parables and symbols, as you acknowledged to us; making it difficult for everyone to understand most of what they said, since they hid the truth in this way. This was so that those who are eager to discover and learn it might do so through much effort."

THEY REPLIED: "We admitted this."

"Listen, then," I say, "to what follows; for Moses first showed this apparent curse of Christ by the signs he performed."

"Which signs are you talking about?" he said.

"When the people," I replied, "fought against Amalek, and the son of Nave, named Jesus (Joshua), led the battle, Moses prayed to God, stretching out both hands, and Hur with Aaron supported them throughout the day, so they wouldn't fall when he became tired. If he let any part of this sign, which resembled the cross, drop, the people were defeated, as recorded in the writings of Moses; but if he maintained this position, Amalek was increasingly defeated, and victory belonged to the cross. It was not because Moses prayed that the people were stronger, but because, with one named Jesus (Joshua) leading the fight, he made the sign of the cross. For who among you doesn't know that prayer, combined with lamentation and tears, with the body prostrate or with bended knees, most effectively reconciles with God? But neither he nor anyone else prayed in this manner while sitting on a stone. Nor did the stone symbolize Christ, as I have shown."